为什么要做接口自动化框架
1、业务与配置的分离
2、数据与程序的分离；数据的变更不影响程序
3、有日志功能，实现无人值守
4、自动发送测试报告
5、不懂编程的测试人员也可以进行测试
正常接口测试的流程是什么？
确定接口测试使用的工具----->配置需要的接口参数----->进行测试----->检查测试结果----->生成测试报告
测试的工具：python+requests
接口测试用例：excel
一、接口框架如下：
1、action包：用来存放关键字函数
2、config包：用来存放配置文件
3、TestData：用来存放测试数据，excel表
4、Log包：用来存放日志文件
5、utils包：用来存放公共的类
6、运行主程序interface_auto_test.py
7、Readme.txt：告诉团队组员使用改框架需要注意的地方
二、接口的数据规范设计—Case设计
一个sheet对应数据库里面一张表
APIsheet存放
编号；从1开始
接口的名称（APIName）；
请求的url（RequestUrl）；
请求的方法（RequestMethod）；
传参的方式（paramsType）：post/get请求方法不一样
用例说明（APITestCase）
是否执行（Active）部分接口已测通，下次不用测试，直接把这里设置成N，跳过此接口
post与get的区别
查看post详情
post请求参数一般是json串，参数放在from表单里面；参数一般不可见，相对来说安全性高些
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查看get详情
get请求参数一般直接放在url里面
2.1注册接口用例
RequestData：请求的数据
（开发制定的传参方式）
RelyData：数据依赖
ResponseCode：响应code
ResponseData：响应数据
DataStore：存储的依赖数据；如果存在数据库里面，在表里增加一个字段用来存依赖的数据
（存储的方式是编写接口自动化的人员来设定的存储方式）
CheckPoint：检查点
Active：是否执行
Status：执行用例的状态，方便查看用例是否执行成功
ErrorInfo：case运行失败，失败的错误信息；eg：是也本身的原因还是case设置失败，还是其他原因
2.2登录接口用例
RequestData：请求的数据
（开发制定的传参方式）
RelyData：数据依赖
（存储的方式是编写接口自动化的人员来设定的存储方式）
ResponseCode：响应code
ResponseData：响应数据
DataStore：存储的依赖数据；如果存在数据库里面，在表里增加一个字段用来存依赖的数据
（存储的方式是编写接口自动化的人员来设定的存储方式）
CheckPoint：检查点
Active：是否执行
Status：执行用例的状态，方便查看用例是否执行成功
ErrorInfo：case运行失败，失败的错误信息；eg：是也本身的原因还是case设置失败，还是其他原因
重点说明下RelyData：数据依赖
采取的是字典：key:value来存储数据格式；
{“request”:{“username”:“register->1”,“password”:“register->1”},“response”:{“code”:“register->1”}}
格式化之后：
{
"request":{
"username":"register->1",
"password":"register->1"
},
"response":{
"code":"register->1"
}
}
三、创建utils包：用来存放公共的类
3.1 ParseExcel.py 操作封装excel的类（ParseExcel.py）
#encoding=utf-8
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font
import time
class ParseExcel(object):
def __init__(self):
self.workbook = None
self.excelFile = None
self.font = Font(color = None) # 设置字体的颜色
# 颜色对应的RGB值
self.RGBDict = {'red': 'FFFF3030', 'green': 'FF008B00'}
def loadWorkBook(self, excelPathAndName):
# 将excel文件加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象
try:
self.workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)
except Exception as err:
raise err
self.excelFile = excelPathAndName
return self.workbook
def getSheetByName(self, sheetName):
# 根据sheet名获取该sheet对象
try:
# sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)
sheet = self.workbook[sheetName]
return sheet
except Exception as err:
raise err
def getSheetByIndex(self, sheetIndex):
# 根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象
try:
# sheetname = self.workbook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex]
sheetname = self.workbook.sheetnames[sheetIndex]
except Exception as err:
raise err
# sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetname)
sheet = self.workbook[sheetname]
return sheet
def getRowsNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号
return sheet.max_row
def getColsNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号
return sheet.max_column
def getStartRowNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的行号
return sheet.min_row
def getStartColNumber(self, sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的列号
return sheet.min_column
def getRow(self, sheet, rowNo):
# 获取sheet中某一行,返回的是这一行所有的数据内容组成的tuple，
# 下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行
try:
rows = []
for row in sheet.iter_rows():
rows.append(row)
return rows[rowNo - 1]
except Exception as err:
raise err
def getColumn(self, sheet, colNo):
# 获取sheet中某一列,返回的是这一列所有的数据内容组成tuple，
# 下标从1开始，sheet.columns[1]表示第一列
try:
cols = []
for col in sheet.iter_cols():
cols.append(col)
return cols[colNo - 1]
except Exception as err:
raise err
def getCellOfValue(self, sheet, coordinate = None,
rowNo = None, colsNo = None):
# 根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格中的值,下标从1开始,
# sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value，
# 表示excel中第一行第一列的值
if coordinate != None:
try:
return sheet[coordinate]
except Exception as err:
raise err
elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and \
colsNo is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(row = rowNo, column = colsNo).value
except Exception as err:
raise err
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell !")
def getCellOfObject(self, sheet, coordinate = None,
rowNo = None, colsNo = None):
# 获取某个单元格的对象，可以根据单元格所在位置的数字索引，
# 也可以直接根据excel中单元格的编码及坐标
# 如getCellObject(sheet, coordinate = 'A1') or
# getCellObject(sheet, rowNo = 1, colsNo = 2)
if coordinate != None:
try:
# return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate)
return sheet[coordinate]
except Exception as err:
raise err
elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and \
colsNo is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo)
except Exception as err:
raise err
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell !")
def writeCell(self, sheet, content, coordinate = None,
rowNo = None, colsNo = None, style = None):
#根据单元格在excel中的编码坐标或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据，
# 下标从1开始，参style表示字体的颜色的名字,比如red，green
if coordinate is not None:
try:
# sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = content
sheet[coordinate] = content
if style is not None:
sheet[coordinate].\
font = Font(color = self.RGBDict[style])
self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and \
colsNo is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo).value = content
if style:
sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colsNo).\
font = Font(color = self.RGBDict[style])
self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell !")
def writeCellCurrentTime(self, sheet, coordinate = None,
rowNo = None, colsNo = None):
# 写入当前的时间，下标从1开始
now = int(time.time()) #显示为时间戳
timeArray = time.localtime(now)
currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)
if coordinate is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = currentTime
self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None \
and colsNo is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row = rowNo, column = colsNo
).value = currentTime
self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell !")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 测试代码
pe = ParseExcel()
pe.loadWorkBook(r'D:\ProgramSourceCode\Python Source Code\WorkSpace\InterfaceFrame2018\inter_test_data.xlsx')
sheetObj = pe.getSheetByName(u"API")
print("通过名称获取sheet对象的名字：", sheetObj.title)
# print help(sheetObj.rows)
print("通过index序号获取sheet对象的名字：", pe.getSheetByIndex(0).title)
sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0)
print(type(sheet))
print(pe.getRowsNumber(sheet)) #获取最大行号
print(pe.getColsNumber(sheet)) #获取最大列号
rows = pe.getRow(sheet, 1) #获取第一行
for i in rows:
print(i.value)
# # 获取第一行第一列单元格内容
# print pe.getCellOfValue(sheet, rowNo = 1, colsNo = 1)
# pe.writeCell(sheet, u'我爱祖国', rowNo = 10, colsNo = 10)
# pe.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet, rowNo = 10, colsNo = 11)
3.2 封装get/post请求（HttpClient.py）
import requests
import json
class HttpClient(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def request(self, requestMethod, requestUrl, paramsType,
requestData, headers =None, **kwargs):
if requestMethod == "post":
print("---", requestData, type(requestData))
if paramsType == "form":
response = self.__post(url = requestUrl, data = json.dumps(eval(requestData)),
headers = headers, **kwargs)
return response
elif paramsType == "json":
response = self.__post(url = requestUrl, json = json.dumps(eval(requestData)),
headers = headers, **kwargs)
return response
elif requestMethod == "get":
request_url = requestUrl
if paramsType == "url":
request_url = "%s%s" %(requestUrl, requestData)
response = self.__get(url = request_url, params = requestData, **kwargs)
return response
def __post(self, url, data = None, json = None, headers=None,**kwargs):
print("----")
response = requests.post(url=url, data = data, json=json, headers=headers)
return response
def __get(self, url, params = None, **kwargs):
response = requests.get(url, params = params, **kwargs)
return response
if __name__ == "__main__":
hc = HttpClient()
res = hc.request("get", "http://39.106.41.11:8080/getBlogContent/", "url",'2')
print(res.json())
3.3 封装MD5（md5_encrypt）
import hashlib
def md5_encrypt(text):
m5 = hashlib.md5()
m5.update(text.encode("utf-8"))
value = m5.hexdigest()
return value
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(md5_encrypt("sfwe"))
3.4 封装Log
import logging
import logging.config
from config.public_data import baseDir
# 读取日志配置文件
logging.config.fileConfig(baseDir + "\config\Logger.conf")
# 选择一个日志格式
logger = logging.getLogger("example02")#或者example01
def debug(message):
# 定义dubug级别日志打印方法
logger.debug(message)
def info(message):
# 定义info级别日志打印方法
logger.info(message)
def warning(message):
# 定义warning级别日志打印方法
logger.warning(message)
3.5 封装发送Email类
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from ProjVar.var import *
import os
import smtplib
from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
from email.utils import formataddr
def send_mail():
mail_host="smtp.qq.com" #设置服务器
mail_user="xiangxiang" #用户名
mail_pass="cmxx" #口令
sender = '[email protected]'
receivers = ['[email protected]',"[email protected]"] # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
# 创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = formataddr(["自动化测试", "[email protected]"])
message['To'] = ','.join(receivers)
subject = '自动化测试执行报告'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
message["Accept-Language"]="zh-CN"
message["Accept-Charset"]="ISO-8859-1,utf-8,gbk"
# 邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText('最新执行的自动化测试报告，请参阅附件内容！', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
# 构造附件1，传送测试结果的excel文件
att = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
att.set_payload(open(ProjDirPath+"\\testdata\\testdata.xlsx", 'rb').read())
att.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', "自动化测试报告.xlsx"))
encoders.encode_base64(att)
message.attach(att)
"""
# 构造附件2，传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
att2 = MIMEText(open('e:\\a.py','rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="a.py"'
message.attach(att2)
"""
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(mail_host)
smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)
smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
print("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print("Error: 无法发送邮件", e)
if __name__ == "__main__":
send_mail()
四、 创建config包 用来存放公共的参数、配置文件、长时间不变的变量值
创建public_data.py
import os
# 整个项目的根目录绝对路劲
baseDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
# 获取测试数据文件的绝对路径
file_path = baseDir + "/TestData/inter_test_data.xlsx"
API_apiName = 2
API_requestUrl = 3
API_requestMothod = 4
API_paramsType = 5
API_apiTestCaseFileName = 6
API_active = 7
CASE_requestData = 1
CASE_relyData = 2
CASE_responseCode = 3
CASE_responseData = 4
CASE_dataStore = 5
CASE_checkPoint = 6
CASE_active = 7
CASE_status = 8
CASE_errorInfo = 9
# 存储请求参数里面依赖的数据
REQUEST_DATA = {}
# 存储响应对象中的依赖数据
RESPONSE_DATA = {}
if __name__=="__main__":
print(file_path)
print(baseDir)
五、创建TestData目录，用来存放测试文件
inter_test_data.xlsx
六、创建action包，用来存放关键字函数
6.1 解决数据依赖 （GetRely.py）
from config.public_data import REQUEST_DATA, RESPONSE_DATA
from utils.md5_encrypt import md5_encrypt
REQUEST_DATA = {"用户注册":{"1":{"username":"zhangsan", "password":"dfsdf23"},
"headers":{"cookie":"asdfwerw"}}}
RESPONSE_DATA = {"用户注册":{"1":{"code":"00"}, "headers":{"age":2342}}}
class GetRely(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
@classmethod
def get(self, dataSource, relyData, headSource = {}):
print(type(dataSource))
print(dataSource)
data = dataSource.copy()
for key, value in relyData.items():
if key == "request":
#说明应该去REQUEST_DATA中获取
for k, v in value.items():
interfaceName, case_idx = v.split("->")
val = REQUEST_DATA[interfaceName][case_idx][k]
if k == "password":
data[k] = md5_encrypt(val)
else:
data[k] = val
elif key == "response":
# 应该去RESPONSE_DATA中获取
for k, v in value.items():
interfaceName, case_idx = v.split("->")
data[k] = RESPONSE_DATA[interfaceName][case_idx][k]
elif key == "headers":
if headSource:
for key, value in value.items():
if key == "request":
for k, v in value.items():
for i in v:
headSource[i] = REQUEST_DATA[k]["headers"][i]
elif key == "response":
for i, val in value.items():
for j in val:
headSource[j] = RESPONSE_DATA[i]["headers"][j]
return "%s" %data
if __name__ == "__main__":
s = {"username": "", "password": "","code":""}
h = {"cookie":"123", "age":332}
rely = {"request": {"username": "用户注册->1", "password": "用户注册->1"},
"response":{"code":"用户注册->1"},
"headers":{"request":{"用户注册":["cookie"]},"response":{"用户注册":["age"]}}
}
print(GetRely.get(s, rely, h))
6.2 解决数据存储（RelyDataStore.py）
from config.public_data import RESPONSE_DATA, REQUEST_DATA
class RelyDataStore(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
@classmethod
def do(cls, storePoint, apiName, caseId, request_source = {}, response_source = {}, req_headers={}, res_headers = {}):
for key, value in storePoint.items():
if key == "request":
# 说明需要存储的依赖数据来自请求参数,应该将数据存储到REQUEST_DATA
for i in value:
if i in request_source:
val = request_source[i]
if apiName not in REQUEST_DATA:
# 说明存储数据的结构还未生成，需要指明数据存储结构
REQUEST_DATA[apiName]={str(caseId): {i: val}}
else:
#说明存储数据结构中最外层结构已存在
if str(caseId) in REQUEST_DATA[apiName]:
REQUEST_DATA[apiName][str(caseId)][i] = val
else:
# 说明内层结构不完整，需要指明完整的结构
REQUEST_DATA[apiName][str(caseId)] = {i: val}
else:
print("请求参数中不存在字段" + i)
elif key == "response":
#说明需要存储的依赖数据来自接口的响应body,应该将数据存储到RESPONSE_DATA
for j in value:
if j in response_source:
val = response_source[j]
if apiName not in RESPONSE_DATA:
# 说明存储数据的结构还未生成，需要指明数据存储结构
RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]={str(caseId): {j: val}}
else:
#说明存储数据结构中最外层结构已存在
if str(caseId) in RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]:
RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][str(caseId)][j] = val
else:
# 说明内层结构不完整，需要指明完整的结构
RESPONSE_DATA[apiName][str(caseId)] = {j: val}
else:
print("接口的响应body中不存在字段" + j)
elif key == "headers":
for k, v in value.items():
if k == "request":
# 说明需要往REQUEST_DATA变量中写入存储数据
for item in v:
if item in req_headers:
header = req_headers[item]
if "headers" in REQUEST_DATA[apiName]:
REQUEST_DATA[apiName]["headers"][item] = header
else:
REQUEST_DATA[apiName]["headers"] = {item: header}
elif k == "response":
# 说明需要往RESPONSE_DATA变量中写入存储数据
for it in v:
if it in res_headers:
header = res_headers[it]
if "headers" in RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]:
RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]["headers"][it] = header
else:
RESPONSE_DATA[apiName]["headers"] = {item: header}
print(REQUEST_DATA)
print(RESPONSE_DATA)
if __name__ == "__main__":
r = {"username": "srwcx01", "password": "wcx123wac1", "email": "[email protected]"}
req_h = {"cookie":"csdfw23"}
res_h = {"age":597232}
s = {"request": ["username", "password"], "response": ["userid"],"headers":{"request":["cookie"],
"response":["age"]}}
res = {"userid": 12, "code": "00"}
RelyDataStore.do(s, "register", 1, r, res, req_headers=req_h, res_headers=res_h)
print(REQUEST_DATA)
print(RESPONSE_DATA)
6.3 校验数据结果（CheckResult.py）
import re
class CheckResult(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
@classmethod
def check(self, responseObj, checkPoint):
responseBody = responseObj.json()
# responseBody = {"code": "", "userid": 12, "id": "12"}
errorKey = {}
for key, value in checkPoint.items():
if key in responseBody:
if isinstance(value, (str, int)):
# 等值校验
if responseBody[key] != value:
errorKey[key] = responseBody[key]
elif isinstance(value, dict):
sourceData = responseBody[key]
if "value" in value:
# 模糊匹配校验
regStr = value["value"]
rg = re.match(regStr, "%s" %sourceData)
if not rg:
errorKey[key] = sourceData
elif "type" in value:
# 数据类型校验
typeS = value["type"]
if typeS == "N":
# 说明是整形校验
if not isinstance(sourceData, int):
errorKey[key] = sourceData
else:
errorKey[key] = "[%s] not exist" %key
return errorKey
if __name__ == "__main__":
r = {"code": "00", "userid": 12, "id": 12}
c = {"code": "00", "userid": {"type": "N"}, "id": {"value": "\d+"}}
print(CheckResult.check(r, c))
6.4 往excel里面写结果
from config.public_data import *
def write_result(wbObj, sheetObj, responseData, errorKey, rowNum):
try:
# 写响应body
wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content="%s" %responseData,
rowNo = rowNum, colsNo=CASE_responseData)
# 写校验结果状态及错误信息
if errorKey:
wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content="%s" %errorKey,
rowNo=rowNum, colsNo=CASE_errorInfo)
wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content="faild",
rowNo=rowNum, colsNo=CASE_status, style="red")
else:
wbObj.writeCell(sheetObj, content="pass",
rowNo=rowNum, colsNo=CASE_status, style="green")
except Exception as err:
raise err
如果对软件测试、接口测试、自动化测试、面试经验交流。感兴趣可以加软件测试交流：1085991341，还会有同行一起技术交流。
七、创建Log目录用来存放日志
八、主函数
#encoding=utf-8
import requests
import json
from action.get_rely import GetRely
from config.public_data import *
from utils.ParseExcel import ParseExcel
from utils.HttpClient import HttpClient
from action.data_store import RelyDataStore
from action.check_result import CheckResult
from action.write_result import write_result
from utils.Log import *
def main():
parseE = ParseExcel()
parseE.loadWorkBook(file_path)
sheetObj = parseE.getSheetByName("API")
activeList = parseE.getColumn(sheetObj, API_active)
for idx, cell in enumerate(activeList[1:], 2):
if cell.value == "y":
#需要被执行
RowObj = parseE.getRow(sheetObj, idx)
apiName = RowObj[API_apiName -1].value
requestUrl = RowObj[API_requestUrl - 1].value
requestMethod = RowObj[API_requestMothod - 1].value
paramsType = RowObj[API_paramsType - 1].value
apiTestCaseFileName = RowObj[API_apiTestCaseFileName - 1].value
# 下一步读取用例sheet表，准备执行测试用例
caseSheetObj = parseE.getSheetByName(apiTestCaseFileName)
caseActiveObj = parseE.getColumn(caseSheetObj, CASE_active)
for c_idx, col in enumerate(caseActiveObj[1:], 2):
if col.value == "y":
#需要执行的用例
caseRowObj = parseE.getRow(caseSheetObj, c_idx)
requestData = caseRowObj[CASE_requestData - 1].value
relyData = caseRowObj[CASE_relyData - 1].value
responseCode = caseRowObj[CASE_responseCode - 1].value
responseData = caseRowObj[CASE_responseData - 1].value
dataStore = caseRowObj[CASE_dataStore -1].value
checkPoint = caseRowObj[CASE_checkPoint - 1].value
#发送接口请求之前需要做一下数据依赖的处理
if relyData:
logging.info("处理第%s个接口的第%s条用例的数据依赖！")
requestData = GetRely.get(eval(requestData), eval(relyData))
httpC = HttpClient()
response = httpC.request(requestMethod=requestMethod,
requestData=requestData,
requestUrl=requestUrl,
paramsType=paramsType
)
# 获取到响应结果后，接下来进行数据依赖存储逻辑实现
if response.status_code == 200:
responseData = response.json()
# 进行依赖数据存储
if dataStore:
RelyDataStore.do(eval(dataStore), apiName, c_idx - 1, eval(requestData), responseData)
# 接下来就是校验结果
else:
logging.info("接口【%s】的第【%s】条用例，不需要进行依赖数据存储！" %(apiName, c_idx))
if checkPoint:
errorKey = CheckResult.check(response, eval(checkPoint))
write_result(parseE, caseSheetObj, responseData, errorKey, c_idx)
else:
logging.info("接口【%s】的第【%s】条用例，执行失败，接口协议code非200！" %(apiName, c_idx))
else:
logging.info("第%s个接口的第%s条用例，被忽略执行！" %(idx -1, c_idx-1))
else:
logging.info("第%s行的接口被忽略执行！" %(idx -1))
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
框架待完善，请大家多多指教~
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