“OSGeo.GDAL.GdalPINVOKE”的类型初始值设定项引发异常和OSGeo.OGR.Ogr”的类型初始值设定项引发异常

出现这个的原因大概是：

1、32位和64位用错，32位程序用的64位的dll，64位程序使用32位的dll。

2、缺少依赖库。

3、环境变量配置错误。

缺少依赖库

首先找到缺少哪些关联库，也可以直接把bin目录下的所有dll拷贝过去

查询gdal***.dll的关联动态库：

1、找到vs的命令提示符，如图

2、输入：dumpbin /dependents c:\…\…\…\gdal***.dll即可看到该dll所关联的dll

3、将gadl中能查到的属于上图中关联的dll，和gdal***.dll拷贝至项目的/bin/debug。最终还需要放在项目中的dll大致是这些：

环境变量配置错误

解决方法：采用SharpMap的GDAL初始化方法解决，需要两个数据：

1.      GdalConfiguration.cs

2.      gdal_data_config.rar

注：以上两文件下载地址：gdal_csharp开发环境配置文件

第一步：将GdalConfiguration.cs添加到项目中，然后解压gdal_data_config.rar到debug目录下，文件夹名称为gdal。

第二步：在使用Gdal.AllRegister()初始化前，调用以下两句代码进行相关初始化数据的配置即可。

SharpMap.GdalConfiguration.ConfigureGdal();

SharpMap.GdalConfiguration.ConfigureOgr();

GdalConfiguration类的内容如下：

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Name:     GdalConfiguration.cs.pp
 * Project:  GDAL CSharp Interface
 * Purpose:  A static configuration utility class to enable GDAL/OGR.
 * Author:   Felix Obermaier
 *
 *****************************************************************************/
 
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using Gdal = OSGeo.GDAL.Gdal;
using Ogr = OSGeo.OGR.Ogr;
 
namespace SharpMap
{
    public static partial class GdalConfiguration
    {
        private static bool _configuredOgr;
        private static bool _configuredGdal;
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Function to determine which platform we're on
        /// </summary>
        private static string GetPlatform()
        {
            return IntPtr.Size == 4 ? "x86" : "x64";
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Construction of Gdal/Ogr
        /// </summary>
        static GdalConfiguration()
        {
            var executingAssemblyFile = new Uri(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().CodeBase).LocalPath;
            var executingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(executingAssemblyFile);
 
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(executingDirectory))
                throw new InvalidOperationException("cannot get executing directory");
 
 
            var gdalPath = Path.Combine(executingDirectory, "gdal");
            var nativePath = Path.Combine(gdalPath, GetPlatform());
 
            // Prepend native path to environment path, to ensure the
            // right libs are being used.
            var path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH");
            path = nativePath + ";" + Path.Combine(nativePath, "plugins") + ";" + path;
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", path);
 
            // Set the additional GDAL environment variables.
            var gdalData = Path.Combine(gdalPath, "data");
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("GDAL_DATA", gdalData);
            Gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_DATA", gdalData);
 
            var driverPath = Path.Combine(nativePath, "plugins");
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("GDAL_DRIVER_PATH", driverPath);
            Gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_DRIVER_PATH", driverPath);
 
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("GEOTIFF_CSV", gdalData);
            Gdal.SetConfigOption("GEOTIFF_CSV", gdalData);
 
            var projSharePath = Path.Combine(gdalPath, "share");
            Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("PROJ_LIB", projSharePath);
            Gdal.SetConfigOption("PROJ_LIB", projSharePath);
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Method to ensure the static constructor is being called.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>Be sure to call this function before using Gdal/Ogr/Osr</remarks>
        public static void ConfigureOgr()
        {
            if (_configuredOgr) return;
 
            // Register drivers
            Ogr.RegisterAll();
            _configuredOgr = true;
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// Method to ensure the static constructor is being called.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>Be sure to call this function before using Gdal/Ogr/Osr</remarks>
        public static void ConfigureGdal()
        {
            if (_configuredGdal) return;
 
            // Register drivers
            Gdal.AllRegister();
            _configuredGdal = true;
        }
    }
}

参考：GDAL C# 开发环境配置