What are the advantages of pipes over temporary files?

Pipes and temporary files both serve as a means of inter-process communication (IPC) or data storage, but they have different characteristics and advantages. Here are some reasons why pipes might be preferred over temporary files:

Speed and Efficiency

1. Memory vs Disk: Pipes are usually more efficient because they operate in memory, while temporary files require disk I/O, which is slower.
2. Direct Data Transfer: Pipes allow for direct data transfer between processes without the need for a temporary storage medium, reducing overhead.

Simplicity and Ease of Use

3. Ease of Programming: Using pipes often results in simpler code. You don’t have to manage file creation, naming, permissions, and deletion as you would with temporary files.
4. No Cleanup Required: Pipes are automatically destroyed when the processes using them terminate, whereas temporary files often require explicit removal.

Resource Management

5. File Descriptors: Pipes use file descriptors, which are integer-based handles and are often easier to manage programmatically than file paths.
6. Resource Limitations: Disk space is finite and writing too many temporary files can lead to disk space exhaustion, whereas pipes use volatile memory, which is usually cleaned up automatically.

Atomicity and Synchronization

7. Data Integrity: Writes to pipes of less than PIPE_BUF bytes are atomic, ensuring data integrity.
8. Built-in Synchronization: Pipes provide a natural synchronization mechanism between reading and writing processes, ensuring that a reader will block until there’s something to read and a writer will block if the pipe is full.

Portability and Security

9. Security: Data in pipes is generally more secure as it’s not written to disk, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.
10. Portability: Pipes are a form of IPC that is supported on almost all Unix-like systems, making them highly portable.

Real-time Communication

11. Streaming: Pipes are suitable for real-time data streaming between processes, which can be harder to achieve with temporary files due to I/O latency.

Each method has its use-cases and neither is universally better than the other. Temporary files are better for data persistence and for processes that don’t run simultaneously. Pipes are usually better for one-time, sequential, or real-time data transfer between running processes.