1. 阐释问题：
AN important aspect of software testing involves judging how well a series of test inputs tests a piece of code.
Usually, the goal is to uncover as many faults as possible with a potent set of tests since a test series that has the
potential to uncover many faults is obviously better than one that can only uncover a few. Unfortunately, it is almost
impossible to predict how many faults will be uncovered by a given test set. This is not only because of the diversity of
the faults themselves, but because the very concept of a fault is only vaguely defined (c.f., [3]). Still, it is useful to have
some standard of test adequacy, to help in deciding when a program has been tested thoroughly enough. This leads to
the establishment of test adequacy criteria
说明： 软件测试的重要一点就是： 判断一系列测试输入如何测试一个代码段。——》问题就是你没有办法确定一份测试输入（集合）能够检测出多少的错误——》建立测试充分性标准
Once a test adequacy criterion has been selected, the question that arises next is how to go about creating a test
set that is good with respect to that criterion. Since this can be difficult to do by hand, there is a need for automatic test
data generation.
有了测试充分性标准——》问题怎么创建符合测试标准的测试集合？——》 自动生成此测试数据
Unfortunately, test data generation leads to an undecidable problem for many types of adequacy criteria. Insofar as
the adequacy criteria require the program to perform a specific action, such as reaching a certain statement, the halting problem can be reduced to a problem of test data generation. To circumvent this dilemma, test data generation algorithms use heuristics, meaning that they do not always succeed in finding an adequate test input. Comparisons of different test data generation schemes are usually aimed at determining which method can provide the most benefit with limited resources.
测试数据生成会导致许多类型的充分性标准的产生的测试集没有办法判定——》故而会设置一个具体的问题，作为评测每一个测试集的标准，但是式算法进怎样去判定？-——》引入启发式算法
整体的感觉： 亦步亦趋的阐明一个问题，首先是又这个问题导致了我们想出了这种解决方案，但是这种方案的问题是##，我们想出了@##方法， 等等一层层的解析问题
对于有一些表达自己并不是太清楚，所以 阐述的有些问题。
句子表达：
（１）To circumvent this dilemma ， 为了避免这一进退两难的困境
（２）××× 概念 was originally proposed by [1] and then investigated further by [2], [4],and [5].
（３）nudging them ever closer to values that actually do satisfy the requirement. 使他们越来越接近真正满足需求的价值观。nudging 英 ['nʌdʒɪŋ] 美 ['nʌdʒɪŋ] v.（朝某方向）轻推( nudge的现在分词 ); （使）达到; （暗指与性有关）搂搂抱抱;
（４） In essence, 从本质上讲，
（５） The broader implication is that, 更广泛的含义：
gradient descent suffers from some well-known weaknesses. Thus, it is appealing to use more sophisticated techniques for function minimization, such as genetic search [6], simulated annealing [7], or tabu search [8].
The broader implication is that, due to their simplicity, toy programs fail to expose the limitations of some test-data
generation techniques.
更广泛的含义是，由于它们的简单性，toy程序无法暴露某些测试数据生成技术的局限性。
