【无人机】民用无人机的设计与开发

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本文为孟加拉BRAC大学(作者:A.M. Reasad Azim Bappy等)的学士学位论文,共63页。

无人机被定义为不携带人类操作者、使用空气动力提供升力、可以自主飞行或远程控制、可扩展或可恢复、并且可以携带致命或非致命有效载荷的飞行器。它可以由机载计算机控制,或者通过地面飞行员遥控控制。目前,无人机的使用受到卫星通信和成本等困难的限制。无人驾驶飞机可以由无线电遥控操作,并返回现场实时声频视频。在Matlab/Simulink中对开发的无人机控制系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,所研制的无人驾驶飞机具有非常稳定的操作和控制能力。还开发了基于微控制器的无人机控制系统,其中工作频率为2.4GHz的RF发射机和接收机用于无人机的远程控制。早些时候,无人机大多被部署用于军事应用,例如国内监视和国际威胁。本项工作中开发的无人机可用于许多领域,如警务、消防、监测受洪水影响的地区、记录来自不可通行地区的视频片段以及军事、非军事安全工作。此外,使用带GPS的Android移动设备,已被用于无人机实时位置跟踪和实时视听反馈。

UAV is defined as an aerial vehicle thatdoes not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehiclelift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expandable orrecoverable, and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. It is controlledeither autonomously by on-board computers or by remote control of a pilot onthe ground. Its usage is currently limited by difficulties such as satellitecommunication and cost. A Drone has been built that can be operated by radiofrequency controller and send live audio-visual feedback. The developed Dronecontrol system has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation shows avery stable operation and control of the developed Drone. Microcontroller baseddrone control system has also been developed where a RF transmitter and receiveroperating in the frequency of 2.4 GHz are used for remote operation for theDrone. Earlier, Drones were deployed for military applications such as spyingon both domestic and international threats. The developed drone in this workcan be used for a number of applications, such as policing, firefighting,monitoring flood effected areas, recording video footage from impassable areasand both military and non-military security work. In addition, using an Androidmobile device incorporation with GPS has been used for live position trackingof Drone and real time audio-visual feedback from Drone.

1.1 引言

1.2 问题描述

1.3 文献回顾

1.4 研究目标

1.5 本文组织结构

2.1 引言
2.2 无人机研究与设计
2.3 控制系统设计
2.4 比例控制器
2.5 控制系统仿真
2.6 电信系统
2.7 硬件实现
3.1 引言
3.2 测试
3.3 所开发无人机的应用
3.4 结果分析
4.1 结论
4.2 局限性
4.3 研究建议
附录 实验设备清单

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