ansible之变量使用与playbook的设置(重点)

ansible之playbook

1.playbook的语法格式如下: - hosts: webservers 是定义的主机组也就是playbook中的 play 角色的意思注意":" 冒号后面也必须价格空格不然就报错

　　tasks: 注意他前面是有2个空格的, ansible 是用空格来区分规格的, 记住不能使用tab按键

[root@m01 ~]# mkdir project1
[root@m01 ~]# cd project1/
[root@m01 project1]# cat p1.yml 
---
#play
- hosts: webservers

  tasks:
    - name: Installed Httpd Server
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present

    - name: Start Httpd Server
      systemd:
        name: httpd
        state: started
        enabled: yes

2.检查语法，只检查是否是yaml语法格式。并不做逻辑校验。　　(记住这个要经常使用,他是判断语法是否正确!!!)

[root@m01 project1]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check p1.yml

3.模拟执行（不是真的执行）

[root@m01 project1]# ansible-playbook -C  p1.yml

4.真实的描述状态（被控端的状态必须与控制端描述的状态一致）

[root@m01 project1]# ansible-playbook p1.yml

[root@m01 project1]# cat p1.yml 
---
#play
- hosts: webservers

  tasks:
    - name: Installed Httpd Server
      yum: name=httpd state=present

    - name: Start Httpd Server
      systemd: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Start Firewalld Server
      systemd: name=firewalld state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Configure Firewalld Server
      firewalld: service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled

- hosts: web01
  tasks:
    - name: Configure web01 Website
      copy: content='This is Web01' dest=/var/www/html/index.html

- hosts: web02
  tasks:
    - name: Cofnigure webi-2 weisite
      copy: content='This is Web02' dest=/var/www/html/index.html

多paly语法示例

    1.安装
    2.配置
        用户
        /data
    3.启动
    
#记得重启你的nfs
[root@m01 project1]# cat nfs.yml 
- hosts: web01

  tasks:
    - name: Install NFS-utils Server
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=present

    - name: Configure Nfs-utils Server
      copy: src=./exports.j2 dest=/etc/exports owner=root group=root mode=0644

    - name: Create NFS Group
      group: name=www gid=666

    - name: Create NFS User
      user: name=www uid=666 group=www create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin

    - name: Create Data Directory
      file: path=/data state=directory owner=www group=www mode=0755 recurse=yes

    - name: Start NFS Server
      systemd: name=nfs state=started enabled=yes

- hosts: web02
  tasks:
    - name: Mount NFS Server
      mount: path=/opt src=172.16.1.7:/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted

安装NFS服务

1.使用yum安装 httpd、php、php-mysql、mariadb、firewalld等
2.启动httpd、firewalld、mariadb等服务
3.添加防火墙规则，放行http的流量，并永久生效
4.使用get_url下载 http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php 文件

[root@m01 project1]# cat lamp.yml 
#- hosts: webservers
- hosts: otherservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Web Packages
      yum: name=httpd,mariadb-server,php,php-mysql,php-pdo state=present

    - name: Start Web Serivce
      service: name=httpd state=started

    - name: Start Mariadb Service
      service: name=mariadb state=started

    - name: Get Wordpress
      unarchive: src=./wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz dest=/var/www/html/ copy=yes mode=0755


  #  - name: Copy Index.php
  #    copy: src=./index.php.j2 dest=/var/www/html/index.php


 #   - name: Get Url index.php
 #     get_url: url="http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php" des

使用AnsiblePlaybook方式构建LAMP架构，具体操作步骤如下:

ansible之编写playbook的变量形式

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变量
1、playbook变量可以通过多种方式进行定义，最简单的方式就是在playbook的开头通过vars进行定义

#安装两个软件包使用变量方式
[root@m01 project1]# cat  p2.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars:
    - web_package: httpd
    - ftp_package: vsftpd
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Packages
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present

2.也可以在playbook中使用vars_files指定文件作为变量文件，好处就是其他的playbook也可以调

[root@m01 project1]# cat vars.yml 
web_package: httpd
ftp_package: vsftpd

[root@m01 project1]# cat p2.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars_files: ./vars.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Packages
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present

4.更好的方式是在ansible的项目目录中创建额外的两个变量目录，分别是host_vars和group_vars

group_vars目录下必须存放和inventory清单文件中定义的组名一致，如下
[root@m01 project1]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 
[webservers]
web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7
web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8

[root@m01 project1]# cat group_vars/webservers 
web_package: httpd
ftp_package: vsftpd
注意：系统提供了特殊的组，all，也就说在group_vars目录下创建一个all文件，定义变量对所有的主机都生效


[root@m01 project1]# cat host_vars/web01 
web_package: zlib-static
ftp_package: zmap

[root@m01 project1]# cat group_vars/webservers 
web_package: httpd
ftp_package: vsftpd


[root@m01 project1]#  cat p4.yml 
- hosts: webservers
#- hosts: otherservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Packages
      yum: 
        name: 
          - "{{ web_package }}"
          - "{{ ftp_package }}"
        state: present


[root@m01 project1]# ansible-playbook p4.yml 

PLAY [webservers] ********************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************************************
ok: [web02]
ok: [web01]

TASK [Installed Packages] ************************************************************************************************
ok: [web02]
changed: [web01]

PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
web01                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0   
web02                      : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

View Code

6.变量优先级测试
命令行变量--->play中的vars_files--->play中的vars变量-->host_vars中定义的变量--->group_vars/组--->group_vars/all

6.变量注册register

- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Get Network Port Status
      shell: netstat -lntp
      register: net_port

    - name: OutPut Network Port Status
      debug:
        msg: "{{ net_port.stdout_lines }}"

7.变量也支持层级定义，使用"."可能会有问题，建议使用"[]"代替。

[root@m01 project1]# cat vars1.yml 
rainbow:
  web:
    web_package: httpd
    db_package: mariadb

code:
  web:
    filename: code_web_filename

    
[root@m01 project1]# cat p8.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars_files: ./vars1.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Install Package
      yum: name= "{{ rainbow['web']['web_package'] }}"

    - name: create filename
      file: 
        path: /tmp/{{ code.web.filename }}
        state: touch

facts (setup模块)　　重点!!!! 他可以获取被控端的主机的变量信息, 还可以通过变量的运算得到相应的值

　　当使用facts 就需要使用template 这个模块

[root@m01 project1]# cat p10.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  #gather_facts: no   关闭facts采集
  vars: 
    - zabbix_server: 172.16.1.71
  tasks:
    - name: Copy Zabbix Agent Configure
      template: src=./zabbix_agentd.conf dest=/tmp/zabbix_agent.conf

playbook安装一个memcached : 这里就用到了变量的运算,获取对应的值的信息

[root@m01 project1]# cat memcached.j2 
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb //2 }}"
OPTIONS=""

[root@m01 project1]# cat p11.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Memcached
      yum: name=memcached state=present

    - name: Configure Memcached
      template: src=./memcached.j2 dest=/etc/sysconfig/memcached

    - name: Start Memcached
      service: name=memcached state=started enabled=yes