逆序对数量-长度为n的整数数列，计算数列中的逆序对的数量。 逆序对的定义如下：对于数列的第 i 个和第 j 个元素，如果满足 i ＜ j 且 a[i] ＞ a[j]，则其为一个逆序对；否则不是。

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

const int N = 1e5 + 10;

int a[N], tmp[N];

LL merge_sort(int q[], int l, int r)
{
    
    
    if (l >= r) return 0;

    int mid = l + r >> 1;

    LL res = merge_sort(q, l, mid) + merge_sort(q, mid + 1, r);

    int k = 0, i = l, j = mid + 1;
    while (i <= mid && j <= r)
        if (q[i] <= q[j]) tmp[k ++ ] = q[i ++ ];
        else
        {
    
           //此时左边一半的数排序好了
            res += mid - i + 1;
            tmp[k ++ ] = q[j ++ ];
        }
    while (i <= mid) tmp[k ++ ] = q[i ++ ];
    while (j <= r) tmp[k ++ ] = q[j ++ ];

    for (i = l, j = 0; i <= r; i ++, j ++ ) q[i] = tmp[j];

    return res;
}

int main()
{
    
    
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ ) scanf("%d", &a[i]);

    cout << merge_sort(a, 0, n - 1) << endl;

    return 0;
}