From the beginning of 2020, the first two, "Microcontroller and Embedded Systems" launched " Preface " section, each lasting an industry expert invited to share their views about the hot spots for today's embedded technology, embedded technology to satisfy the majority of practitioners Enthusiasts/enthusiasts. This article published today is the foreword of the second issue of 2021!
Intro
Outlook of IoT Operating System
He Xiaoqing
Secretary General of Embedded System Association
The Internet of Things Operating System (IoT OS) originated from the sensor network OS-TinyOS and Contiki projects. They have had a profound impact on today's IoT OS. The earliest IoT OS started in 2014, and the iconic product is ARM Mbed OS. In 2015, Huawei released Lite OS. They are typical representatives of IoT OS at present. Google announced Brillo OS (later renamed Android Things) in 2015, Linux Foundation launched Zephry OS in 2016, Ali announced AliOS Things in 2017, Amazon developed Amazon FreeRTOS in 2017, and Tencent launched the lightweight TencentOS tiny in 2019. Since then, IoT OS drove into the fast lane.
Entering 2020, the new crown epidemic is raging around the world, and the momentum of IoT OS is still unabated. China Mobile launched the lightweight IoT OS-OneOS, Microsoft launched Azure RTOS (the well-known ThreadX), Xiaomi launched the IoT software platform Xiaomi Vela, with the open source NuttX, Vela OS has an open ecosystem, and Google’s Fuchsia OS is also doing it Various cloud, edge and end technology innovations. Various IT giants are trying to open up the entire IoT industry ecosystem through the consistent user experience brought by the combination of software and hardware.
With the increasing sanctions imposed by the United States, Huawei has gradually introduced various Hongmeng 0S. In September 2020, Hongmeng OS2.0 was released, and part of the code was open source; in December, Huawei released the mobile phone test version of Hongmeng OS (known as "Fu Hongmeng"). Huawei has been accumulating in the field of mobile phone OS for a long time, and if it goes well, the effect can be seen immediately. In response to the development of IoT, Huawei has made great efforts, but in the fragmented IoT market, ecological construction is not an overnight effort. The architecture of Hongmeng OS is similar to the idea of Fuchia OS+ Zircon kernel. It currently has the technical characteristics of distributed, device virtualization and service architecture. The goal is to help the industry realize a new generation of intelligent operating environment based on Hongmeng OS. For the evolution of Hongmeng OS technology (that is, the development of the unified kernel of Lite OS, as well as the developer ecology and landing applications), the industry still needs to observe patiently and follow up in small steps.
In 2021, the AIoT-oriented IoT OS will be used in the fields of Internet of Vehicles, smart driving, smart home and wearable devices. RT-Thread open sourced the micro-kernel RT-Thread Smart, hoping to enter the automotive electronics market with its security features, and then released the heart-pounding wearable OS at the RT-Thread Developer Conference at the end of 2020. It can be said that it is the right time. Well received. The veteran RTOS company QNX exhibited the instrument panel of the QNX hypervisior+Android mass-produced model at the Zhongke Chuangda Technology Annual Conference, giving domestic counterparts the opportunity to get to know QNX up close. Yihui launched EdgarOS for IoT edge computing, aiming to create a "Linux OS" that is not a Linux kernel. POSIX, microkernel, virtualization, distributed, security and other technologies are important directions for the evolution of IoT OS to AIoT.
Looking to the future, the road to the development of IoT OS is still grim. The biggest problem is that there is no sustainable business model, and it is difficult for companies no matter how large they are to make sustained investments. The traditional embedded OS authorization and service model is difficult to work in this field. Internet companies have invested heavily in development and open source to build their ecosystem. The goal is to attract traffic. In the future, it will be profitable by data, but the cycle must be very long. IoT OS has some business opportunities in certain vertical markets, such as changes in automotive communication and control architecture, upgrades to vehicle displays, and security certifications that bring commercial software charging opportunities. For domestic manufacturers, if there is no successful business model support, the challenges in the IoT OS market are very severe. Facing the future, it is imperative to consolidate the customer base, consolidate the main market, cooperate with chip companies and industry giants, and build mutually beneficial business models.
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