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Warming Climate and Affected Seeds
Global warming refers to the phenomenon in which the earth's temperature has gradually increased over the past few decades due to human activities such as industrialization and the burning of fossil fuels, which have released large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Global climate warming has brought about a series of serious environmental problems: rising temperatures have caused glaciers and polar ice to melt, and sea levels have risen, threatening the survival of coastal areas and islands; extreme weather events such as heavy rains, droughts, hurricanes, etc. are also frequent occur, causing serious impacts on human society and ecological systems. In addition, climate warming has also led to the destruction of ecosystems and the reduction of biodiversity.
In the context of global warming, plant diversity is also seriously threatened.
Taking seed germination as an example, seeds will only germinate within a certain temperature range and will not germinate when the ambient temperature is higher or lower than the corresponding threshold. Germination is a "high-risk stage" in the plant's life cycle that is directly regulated by temperature. As the temperature rises, the dormancy period of many plant seeds is shortened, the germination time is advanced, and the plant growth cycle is uncoordinated, affecting the stability of the ecosystem. 
In the face of rising environmental temperatures, the temperature tolerance of seeds determines whether the species can maintain a stable population in a changed environment. Exploring the impact of temperature on plant seed germination can help predict plant responses to environmental changes, and help determine the order of species protection and maintain biodiversity.
Research: Effect of temperature on plant germination
In 2019, researchers from the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences explored the effect of temperature on the germination of eight herbaceous species in southwestern Australia to assess the growth of endemic native species at risk of decline in the context of global warming. situation. Samples range from species distributed around the world to species endemic to Australia.
8 species involved in the study
The researchers conducted experiments using the 196 different temperature combinations provided simultaneously by the Grant GRD1R LH temperature gradient incubator. The unique "temperature gradient plate" in this incubator provides a more precise temperature gradient than traditional incubators, allowing for a more accurate characterization of the seed's response to different temperature scenarios.
The researchers collected the average optimal germination temperature, germination rate, germination time and other parameters of seeds, and drew the germination temperature curves of eight species.
Research result
The results showed that both A. manglesii and P. aristata could germinate in a wide range of day and night constant and alternating temperatures, showing good tolerance to day and night temperatures. In contrast, X. macranthum shows a strong requirement for alternating day and night temperatures, with lower germination rates when day and night temperatures are relatively constant. R.pyrethrum prefers to germinate at lower alternating temperatures. C. tereticaulis tends to germinate under lower temperature conditions, and whether it is constant temperature or alternating temperature, germination failure will occur if the temperature is higher than 30°C.
These data show the temperature characteristics of germination of different plant varieties, which is of great significance for predicting the temperature response characteristics of plant seeds and accurately carrying out biodiversity conservation work.
参考文献：Cochrane, A. (2019). Effects of temperature on germination in
eight Western Australian herbaceous species. Folia Geobotanica.
doi:10.1007/s12224-019-09335-6
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