如何在PHP中获取客户端IP地址[重复]

本文翻译自：How to get the client IP address in PHP [duplicate]

This question already has an answer here: 这个问题已经在这里有了答案：

• What is the most accurate way to retrieve a user's correct IP address in PHP? 在PHP中检索用户正确IP地址的最准确方法是什么？ 17 answers 17个答案

How can I get the client IP address using PHP? 如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址？

I want to keep record of the user who logged into my website through his/her IP address. 我想保留通过其IP地址登录到我的网站的用户的记录。

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/CbFp/如何在PHP中获取客户端IP地址-重复

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#2楼

This is the method that I use, and it validates an IPv4 input: 这是我使用的方法，它可以验证IPv4输入：

// Get user IP address
if ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
} elseif ( isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) && ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
    $ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
} else {
    $ip = (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : '0.0.0.0';
}

$ip = filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP);
$ip = ($ip === false) ? '0.0.0.0' : $ip;

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#3楼

My favourite solution is the way Zend Framework 2 uses. 我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2的使用方式。 It also considers the $_SERVER properties HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR , HTTP_CLIENT_IP , REMOTE_ADDR but it declares a class for it to set some trusted proxies and it returns one IP address not an array. 它还考虑了$_SERVER属性HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR ， HTTP_CLIENT_IP ， REMOTE_ADDR但是它声明了一个用于设置某些受信任代理的类，并且返回一个IP地址而不是数组。 I think this is the solution that comes closest to it: 我认为这是最接近的解决方案：

class RemoteAddress
{
    /**
     * Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
     *
     * As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
     * security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
     * just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
     * it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $useProxy = false;

    /**
     * List of trusted proxy IP addresses
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $trustedProxies = array();

    /**
     * HTTP header to introspect for proxies
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';

    // [...]

    /**
     * Returns client IP address.
     *
     * @return string IP address.
     */
    public function getIpAddress()
    {
        $ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
        if ($ip) {
            return $ip;
        }

        // direct IP address
        if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
            return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
        }

        return '';
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
     *
     * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
     * @return false|string
     */
    protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
    {
        if (!$this->useProxy
            || (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
        ) {
            return false;
        }

        $header = $this->proxyHeader;
        if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
            return false;
        }

        // Extract IPs
        $ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
        // trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
        $ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
        // remove trusted proxy IPs
        $ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);

        // Any left?
        if (empty($ips)) {
            return false;
        }

        // Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
        // address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
        // not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
        // as the originating IP.
        // @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
        $ip = array_pop($ips);
        return $ip;
    }

    // [...]
}

See the full code here: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php 在此处查看完整的代码： https : //raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php

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#4楼

Here is a cleaner code sample of a good way to get the IP address of the user. 这是一个更干净的代码示例，它是获取用户IP地址的好方法。

$ip = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

Here is a shorter version that uses the elvis operator: 这是使用elvis运算符的较短版本：

$_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] ? : ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] ? : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);

Here is a version that uses isset to remove notices (thank you, @shasi kanth): 这是使用isset删除通知的版本（谢谢@shasi kanth）：

$ip = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];

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#5楼

Like the following? 像下面吗？

if (($ip=filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'REMOTE_ADDR', validate_ip)) === false or empty($ip)) {
    exit;
}
echo $ip;

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PS 聚苯乙烯

if (($ip=filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'REMOTE_ADDR', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP|FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE|FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE)) === false) {
    header('HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request');
    exit;
}

All headers beginning with 'HTTP_' or 'X-' may be spoofed, respectively is user defined. 可以欺骗所有以“ HTTP_”或“ X-”开头的标头，分别由用户定义。 If you want to keep track, use cookies, etc. 如果您想跟踪，请使用Cookie等。

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#6楼

The following is the most advanced method I have found, and I have already tried some others in the past. 以下是我找到的最高级的方法，并且我过去已经尝试过其他方法。 It is valid to ensure to get the IP address of a visitor (but please note that any hacker could falsify the IP address easily). 确保获得访问者的IP地址是有效的（但请注意，任何黑客都可以轻易地伪造IP地址）。

function get_ip_address() {

    // Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
    }

    // Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {

        // Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
        if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
            $iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
            foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
                if (validate_ip($ip))
                    return $ip;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
                return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
        }
    }
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
    if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
        return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];

    // Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
    return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}

/**
 * Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
 * a private network range.
 */
function validate_ip($ip) {

    if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
        return false;

    // Generate IPv4 network address
    $ip = ip2long($ip);

    // If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
    if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
        // Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
        // due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
        // signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
        $ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);

        // Do private network range checking
        if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
            return false;
        if ($ip >= 4294967040)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}