G8、G12、G24、G16、G18、G20、G30、G32、G36、G48、G60

四元数群或双循环群(Dicyclic group):Q_(4n)=<a,b|a^(2n)=1,a^n=b^2,b^(-1)ab=a^(-1)>
正多边形的重合运动群叫做二面体群(Dihedral group):D_(2n)=<a,b|a^n=b^2=1,b^(-1)ab=a^(-1)>

8阶群定理:5种8阶群与它们的群元阶的分布一一对应[ 1, 2, 4, 8 ]
GAP4[8,1]:1,1,2,4,
GAP4[8,2]:1,3,4,0,
GAP4[8,3]:1,5,2,0,
GAP4[8,4]:1,1,6,0,
GAP4[8,5]:1,7,0,0,
GAP4[ 8, 1 ]=C_8,
GAP4[ 8, 2 ]=C_2+C_4,
GAP4[ 8, 3 ]=4阶二面体群D_4=O_2(F_3)=GO(-1,2,3)
GAP4[ 8, 4 ]=Hamilton四元数群Q_8
GAP4[ 8, 5 ]=C_2×C_2×C_2或者C_2+C_2+C_2

定理:C_m×C_n是循环群C_m×n的充要条件是(m,n)=1。----群论与初等数论的联系
12阶群定理:5种12阶群与它们的群元阶的分布一一对应[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6,12]
GAP4[12,1]:1,1,2,6,2,0,
GAP4[12,2]:1,1,2,2,2,4,
GAP4[12,3]:1,3,8,0,0,0,
GAP4[12,4]:1,7,2,0,2,0,
GAP4[12,5]:1,3,2,0,6,0,
GAP4[ 12, 5 ]=Z_2+Z_2+Z_3=K_4+Z_3=C_3×K_4=C_2×C_6=C_2×C_2×C_3,
GAP4[ 12, 2 ]=Z_12=Z_4+Z_3,
GAP4[ 12, 4 ]=D_6=D_3×C_2=D_12,
GAP4[ 12, 3 ]=A_4,
GAP4[ 12, 1 ]=T=Dic_3=Q_12=<a,b|a^6=1,b^2=a^3,ba=a^(-1)b>

共有14个不同的16阶群,其中交换群有5个(K_4⊕C_4=U40=U48≠K_4⊕K_4≠C_8⊕C_2=U32≠C_4⊕C_4),其余9个为非交换群。
结论1:9种16阶非Abel群都是幂零群。
结论2:5种16阶Abel群的指数分别是2、4、4、8、16:C_2×C_2×C_2×C_2、C_4×C_4、C_2×C_2×C_4、C_2×C_8、C_16;
9种16阶非Abel群的指数分别是4、4、4、4、4、8、8、8、8:V(4,2)、H(4,4)、D_4×C_2、Q_8×C_2、P,M_16、D_8、QD_16、Q_16。
20151101:(Z/nZ)^*不可能是GAP4[16,14]=E_16、GAP4[16,2]=C_4×C_4。或者说对任意n,(Z/nZ)^*≠E_16、C_4×C_4。
gap> n:=16;;for i in [n..500] do Ui:=Units(Integers mod i);;gid:=IdGroup(Ui);if n=gid[1] then Print(i,":",gid,"\n");fi;od;
17:[ 16, 1 ]
GAP4[16,1]=G16_1=C_16
32:[ 16, 5 ]
GAP4[16,5]=G16_3=C_2×C_8=U32有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元
34:[ 16, 1 ]
40:[ 16, 10 ]
GAP4[16,10]=G16_4=C_2×C_2×C_4=U40=U48有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
48:[ 16, 10 ]
60:[ 16, 10 ]
注意:16阶Abel群G16_4和16阶非Abel群G16_6、G16_14有相同的群元阶数分布,16阶Abel群G16_2和16阶非Abel群G16_7、G16_13,16阶Abel群G16_3和16阶非Abel群G16_8有相同的群元阶数分布,但这3组16阶群显然不同构
GAP4[16,1]=G16_1=C_16有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元
GAP4[16,2]=G16_2=C_4×C_4有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,5]=G16_3=C_2×C_8有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,10]=G16_4=C_2×C_2×C_4有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,14]=G16_5=C_2×C_2×C_2×C_2有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,0个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,3]=Rank=2非Abel幂零群G16_6=K8C2=V(4,2)【这里的K8C2是指(C_4×C_2)与C_2的某种半直积。】有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,4]=Rank=2非Abel幂零群G16_7=C4C4=H(4,4)有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,6]=G16_8=M_16有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,7]=G16_9=O(2,7)=D_8=<a,x|a^8=x^2=e,xax^(-1)=a^-1>有1个1阶元,9个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,8]=G16_10=QD_16有1个1阶元,5个2阶元,6个4阶元,4个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,9]=G16_11=Q_16有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,10个4阶元,4个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,11]=G16_12=D_4×C_2有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,4个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,12]=Rank=3非Abel幂零群G16_13=Q_8×C_2有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
GAP4[16,13]=Rank=3非Abel幂零群G16_14=Cb8C2=P【GL(2,C)和SU(2)的16阶子群Pauli groupbU=1,bO=0】
有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元
编号  GAP 序列号  性质  指数  中心  G/[G,G]  共轭类  子群  子群类  正规子群 
1  1  循环  16  C16  C16  16  --  --  -- 
2  5  阿贝尔  8  C2×C8  C2×C8  16  --  --  -- 
3  2  阿贝尔  4  C42  C42  16  --  --  -- 
4  10  阿贝尔  4  C22×C4  C22×C4  16  --  --  -- 
5  14  阿贝尔  2  C24  C24  16  --  --  -- 
6  9  幂零  8  C2  C22  7  11  9  7 
7  8  幂零  8  C2  C22  7  15  10  7 【16阶拟二面体群QD_16】
8  7  幂零  8  C2  C22  7  19  11  7 【GAP4[16,7]=O_2(F_7)=D_8】
9  6  幂零  8  C4  C2×C4  10  11  10  9 【16阶模群】
10  13  幂零  4  C4  C23  10  23  20  17 【16阶Pauli群P的中心是C_4,换位子群是C_2】
11  4  幂零  4  C22  C2×C4  10  15  13  11 
12  3  幂零  4  C22  C2×C4  10  23  17  11 【V(4,2)的中心是C_2×C_2,换位子群是C_2。】
13  12  幂零  4  C22  C23  10  19  19  19 
14  11  幂零  4  C22  C23  10  35  27  19 
gap> L:=Factors(16);
[ 2, 2, 2, 2 ]
gap> G:=AbelianGroup(L);;IdGroup(G);AbelianInvariants(G);
[ 16, 14 ]
[ 2, 2, 2, 2 ]
gap> L1:=[L[1],L[2],L[3]*L[4]];
[ 2, 2, 4 ]
gap> G:=AbelianGroup(L1);;IdGroup(G);AbelianInvariants(G);
[ 16, 10 ]
[ 2, 2, 4 ]
gap> L2:=[L[1]*L[2],L[3]*L[4]];
[ 4, 4 ]
gap> G:=AbelianGroup(L2);;IdGroup(G);AbelianInvariants(G);
[ 16, 2 ]
[ 4, 4 ]
gap> L3:=[L[1]*L[2]*L[3]*L[4]];
[ 16 ]
gap> G:=AbelianGroup(L3);;IdGroup(G);AbelianInvariants(G);
[ 16, 1 ]
[ 16 ]
gap> L4:=[L[1],L[2]*L[3]*L[4]];
[ 2, 8 ]
gap> G:=AbelianGroup(L4);;IdGroup(G);AbelianInvariants(G);
[ 16, 5 ]
[ 2, 8 ]
20151029:陈松良等人的《论60阶群的构造》一文证明了60阶群是单群的充要条件是它的Sylow 5-子群不正规,其余的12个60阶非单群的Sylow 5-子群正规。原文中漏掉了2种60阶群:GAP4[60,7]、GAP4[60,8]。
gap> F:=FreeGroup(1);;G1:=F/[F.1^60];;StructureDescription(G1);IdGroup(G1);
"C60"
[ 60, 4 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(2);;G2:=F/[F.1^12, F.2^5,F.1^(-1) * F.2 * F.1*F.2];;StructureDescription(G2);IdGroup(G2);
"C3 x (C5 : C4)"
[ 60, 2 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(2);;G3:=F/[F.1^12, F.2^5,F.1^(-1) * F.2 * F.1*(F.2^2)^(-1)];;StructureDescription(G3);IdGroup(G3);
"C3 x (C5 : C4)"
[ 60, 6 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(2);;G4:=F/[F.1^30, F.2^2,F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*(F.1)^(-1)];;StructureDescription(G4);IdGroup(G4);
"C30 x C2"
[ 60, 13 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(3);;G5:=F/[F.1^6, F.2^2,F.3^5,F.1^(-1) * F.2 * F.1*(F.2)^(-1),F.3^(-1) * F.2 * F.3*(F.2)^(-1),F.1^(-1) * F.3 * F.1*F.3];;StructureDescription(G5);IdGroup(G5);
"C6 x D10"
[ 60, 10 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(4);;G6:=F/[F.1^2, F.2^2,F.3^3,F.4^5,F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*(F.1)^(-1),F.3^(-1) * F.1 * F.3*(F.2)^(-1),F.3^(-1) * F.2 * F.3*(F.1*F.2)^(-1),F.1^(-1)*F.4*F.1*F.4^(-1),F.2^(-1)*F.4*F.2*F.4^(-1),F.3^(-1)*F.4*F.3*F.4^(-1)];;StructureDescription(G6);IdGroup(G6);
"C5 x A4"
[ 60, 9 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(3);;G7:=F/[F.1^6, F.2^2,F.3^5,F.1^(-1) * F.3 * F.1*(F.3)^(-1),F.2^(-1) * F.3 * F.2*(F.3)^(-1),F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*F.1];;StructureDescription(G7);IdGroup(G7);
"C10 x S3"
[ 60, 11 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(2);;G8:=F/[F.1^30, F.2^2,F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*F.1];;StructureDescription(G8);IdGroup(G8);
"D60"
[ 60, 12 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(3);;G9:=F/[F.1^6, F.2^2*(F.1^3)^(-1),F.3^5,F.1^(-1) * F.3 * F.1*(F.3)^(-1),F.2^(-1) * F.3 * F.2*(F.3)^(-1),F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*F.1];;StructureDescription(G9);IdGroup(G9);
"C5 x (C3 : C4)"
[ 60, 1 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(2);;G10:=F/[F.1^30, F.2^2*(F.1^15)^(-1),F.2^(-1) * F.1 * F.2*F.1];;StructureDescription(G10);IdGroup(G10);
"C15 : C4"
[ 60, 3 ]
gap> F:=FreeGroup(3);;G11:=F/[F.1^3, F.2^3,F.3^3,(F.1 * F.2)^2,(F.1 * F.3)^2,(F.2 * F.3)^2];;StructureDescription(G11);IdGroup(G11);
"A5"
[ 60, 5 ]
gap> for n in [1..13] do G:=SmallGroup(60,n);idn:=IdGroup(G);Print(idn);Print(":");L:=List(Elements(G),Order);;M:=[1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60];;for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;Print("是否幂零:",IsNilpotentGroup(G),",","自同构群:",IdGroup(AutomorphismGroup(G)),",",StructureDescription(G),"\n");od;
[ 60, 1 ]:1,1,2,6,4,2,4,0,8,24,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 48, 35 ],C5 x (C3 : C4)
[ 60, 2 ]:1,1,2,10,4,2,4,20,8,0,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 80, 50 ],C3 x (C5 : C4)
[ 60, 3 ]:1,1,2,30,4,2,4,0,8,0,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 240, 195 ],C15 : C4
[ 60, 4 ]:1,1,2,2,4,2,4,4,8,8,8,16,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 16, 10 ],C60
[ 60, 5 ]:1,15,20,0,24,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 120, 34 ],A5
[ 60, 6 ]:1,5,2,10,4,10,0,20,8,0,0,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 40, 12 ],C3 x (C5 : C4)
[ 60, 7 ]:1,5,2,30,4,10,0,0,8,0,0,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 120, 36 ],C15 : C4
[ 60, 8 ]:1,23,2,0,4,10,12,0,8,0,0,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 120, 36 ],S3 x D10
[ 60, 9 ]:1,3,8,0,4,0,12,0,32,0,0,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 96, 186 ],C5 x A4
[ 60, 10 ]:1,11,2,0,4,22,4,0,8,0,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 80, 50 ],C6 x D10
[ 60, 11 ]:1,7,2,0,4,2,28,0,8,0,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 48, 35 ],C10 x S3
[ 60, 12 ]:1,31,2,0,4,2,4,0,8,0,8,0,是否幂零:false,自同构群:[ 240, 195 ],D60
[ 60, 13 ]:1,3,2,0,4,6,12,0,8,0,24,0,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 48, 35 ],C30 x C2
gap> Factors(60);
[ 2, 2, 3, 5 ]
gap> for n in [1..13] do g:=SmallGroup(60,n);;gid:=StructureDescription(g);Print(gid,"是否超可解:",IsSupersolvableGroup(g));s:=Elements(g);;sl2:=SylowSubgroup(g,2);;Print(IdGroup(sl2),IsSubnormal(g,sl2));sl3:=SylowSubgroup(g,3);;sl5:=SylowSubgroup(g,5);;Print(IdGroup(sl3),IsSubnormal(g,sl3),IdGroup(sl5),IsSubnormal(g,sl5),"\n");od;
C5 x (C3 : C4)是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C3 x (C5 : C4)是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C15 : C4是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C60是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]true[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
A5是否超可解:false[ 4, 2 ]false[ 3, 1 ]false[ 5, 1 ]false
C3 x (C5 : C4)是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C15 : C4是否超可解:true[ 4, 1 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
S3 x D10是否超可解:true[ 4, 2 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C5 x A4是否超可解:false[ 4, 2 ]true[ 3, 1 ]false[ 5, 1 ]true
C6 x D10是否超可解:true[ 4, 2 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C10 x S3是否超可解:true[ 4, 2 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
D60是否超可解:true[ 4, 2 ]false[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
C30 x C2是否超可解:true[ 4, 2 ]true[ 3, 1 ]true[ 5, 1 ]true
定理:p^n阶群G的自同构群的阶|Aut(G)|恒为|Aut(E(p^n))|的因数。
gap> for n in [1..14] do G:=SmallGroup(16,n);idn:=IdGroup(G);Print(idn);Print(":");L:=List(Elements(G),Order);;M:=[1,2,4,8,16];;for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;Print("秩:",RankPGroup(G),",","是否幂零:",IsNilpotentGroup(G),",","自同构群:",Order(AutomorphismGroup(G)),",",StructureDescription(G),"\n");od;
[ 16, 1 ]:1,1,2,4,8,秩:1,是否幂零:true,自同构群:8,C16
[ 16, 2 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:96,C4 x C4
[ 16, 3 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:32,(C4 x C2) : C2
[ 16, 4 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:32,C4 : C4
[ 16, 5 ]:1,3,4,8,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:16,C8 x C2
[ 16, 6 ]:1,3,4,8,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:16,C8 : C2
[ 16, 7 ]:1,9,2,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:32,D16
[ 16, 8 ]:1,5,6,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:16,QD16
[ 16, 9 ]:1,1,10,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:32,Q16
[ 16, 10 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:192,C4 x C2 x C2
[ 16, 11 ]:1,11,4,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:64,C2 x D8
[ 16, 12 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:192,C2 x Q8
[ 16, 13 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:48,(C4 x C2) : C2
[ 16, 14 ]:1,15,0,0,0,秩:4,是否幂零:true,自同构群:20160,C2 x C2 x C2 x C2
gap> for n in [1..14] do G:=SmallGroup(16,n);idn:=IdGroup(G);Print(idn);Print(":");L:=List(Elements(G),Order);;M:=[1,2,4,8,16];;for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;Print("秩:",RankPGroup(G),",","是否幂零:",IsNilpotentGroup(G),",","自同构群:",IdGroup(AutomorphismGroup(G)),",",StructureDescription(G),"\n");od;
[ 16, 1 ]:1,1,2,4,8,秩:1,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 8, 2 ],C16
[ 16, 2 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 96, 195 ],C4 x C4
[ 16, 3 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 32, 27 ],(C4 x C2) : C2
[ 16, 4 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 32, 27 ],C4 : C4
[ 16, 5 ]:1,3,4,8,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 16, 11 ],C8 x C2
[ 16, 6 ]:1,3,4,8,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 16, 11 ],C8 : C2
[ 16, 7 ]:1,9,2,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 32, 43 ],D16
[ 16, 8 ]:1,5,6,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 16, 11 ],QD16
[ 16, 9 ]:1,1,10,4,0,秩:2,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 32, 43 ],Q16
[ 16, 10 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 192, 1493 ],C4 x C2 x C2
[ 16, 11 ]:1,11,4,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 64, 138 ],C2 x D8
[ 16, 12 ]:1,3,12,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 192, 955 ],C2 x Q8
[ 16, 13 ]:1,7,8,0,0,秩:3,是否幂零:true,自同构群:[ 48, 48 ],(C4 x C2) : C2
Error, the group identification for groups of size 20160 is not available called from
[ 16, 14 ]:1,15,0,0,0,IdGroup( AutomorphismGroup( G ) ) called from
<function "unknown">( <arguments> )
 called from read-eval loop at line 13 of *stdin*
you can 'quit;' to quit to outer loop, or
you can 'return;' to continue
51种32阶群
1,3,20,8,0,0,
1个1阶元,3个2阶元,20个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,10)=G32_15
GAP4(32,13)=G32_18
GAP4(32,14)=G32_19
GAP4(32,41)=G32_43
1,3,12,16,0,0,
1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,3)=G32_2
GAP4(32,4)=G32_9
GAP4(32,8)=G32_13
GAP4(32,12)=G32_17
1,11,12,8,0,0,
1个1阶元,11个2阶元,12个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,40)=G32_42
GAP4(32,9)=G32_14
GAP4(32,42)=G32_44
QD16C2
1,7,24,0,0,0,
1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,29)=G32_32
GAP4(32,47)=G32_48
GAP4(32,2)=G32_8
GAP4(32,21)=G32_4
GAP4(32,23)=G32_26
GAP4(32,24)=G32_27
GAP4(32,33)=G32_36
1,7,8,16,0,0,
1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,5)=G32_10
GAP4(32,36)=G32_5
GAP4(32,37)=G32_39
GAP4(32,38)=G32_40
1,11,20,0,0,0,
1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,30)=G32_33
GAP4(32,31)=G32_34
GAP4(32,50)=G32_51
GAP4(32,6)=G32_11
GAP4(32,25)=G32_28
1,3,28,0,0,0,
1个1阶元,3个2阶元,28个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,26)=G32_29
GAP4(32,32)=G32_35
GAP4(32,35)=G32_38
1,19,12,0,0,0,
1个1阶元,19个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,34)=G32_37
GAP4(32,49)=G32_50
GAP4(32,27)=G32_30
1,15,16,0,0,0,
1个1阶元,15个2阶元,16个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,45)=G32_6=C_2×C_2×C_2×C_4
GAP4(32,22)=G32_25
GAP4(32,28)=G32_31
GAP4(32,48)=G32_49
1,3,4,8,16,0,
1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,16个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,17)=G32_21
GAP4(32,16)=G32_3=C_2×C_16
1,7,16,8,0,0,
1个1阶元,7个2阶元,16个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,44)=G32_46
GAP4(32,11)=G32_16
其他群元阶的分布:
1个1阶元,1个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,16个32阶元
GAP4(32,1)=G32_1
1个1阶元,11个2阶元,4个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,7)=G32_12
1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,24个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,15)=G32_20
1个1阶元,17个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,18)=G32_22
1个1阶元,9个2阶元,10个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,19)=G32_23
1个1阶元,1个2阶元,18个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,20)=G32_24
1个1阶元,15个2阶元,8个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,43)=G32_45
1个1阶元,23个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,46)=G32_47
1个1阶元,31个2阶元,0个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,51)=G32_7
1个1阶元,19个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4(32,39)=G32_41=D8C2
GAP4[32,1]=G32_1=C_32有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,16个32阶元
GAP4[32,3]=G32_2=C_4×C_8有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,16]=G32_3=C_2×C_16有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,16个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,21]=G32_4=C_2×C_4×C_4有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,36]=G32_5=C_2×C_2×C_8有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,45]=G32_6=C_2×C_2×C_2×C_4有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,16个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,51]=G32_7=C_2×C_2×C_2×C_2×C_2有1个1阶元,31个2阶元,0个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,2]=G32_8有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,4]=G32_9有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,5]=G32_10有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,6]=G32_11有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,7]=G32_12有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,4个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,8]=G32_13有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,9]=G32_14有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,12个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,10]=G32_15有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,20个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,11]=G32_16有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,16个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,12]=G32_17有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,12个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,13]=G32_18有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,20个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,14]=G32_19有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,20个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元

GAP4[32,15]=G32_20有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,24个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,17]=G32_21有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,16个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,18]=G32_22有1个1阶元,17个2阶元,2个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,19]=G32_23有1个1阶元,9个2阶元,10个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,20]=G32_24有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,18个4阶元,4个8阶元,8个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,22]=G32_25有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,16个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,23]=G32_26有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,24]=G32_27有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元

GAP4[32,25]=G32_28=D4C4有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,26]=G32_29=Q8C4有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,28个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,27]=
G32_30有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,28]=G32_31有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,16个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,29]=G32_32有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,30]=G32_33有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,31]=G32_34有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元

GAP4[32,32]=G32_35有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,28个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,33]=G32_36有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,34]=G32_37有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,35]=G32_38有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,28个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,37]=G32_39=M16C2有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[16,6]=G16_8=M_16
gap> G:=DirectProduct(SmallGroup(16,6),CyclicGroup(2));;IdGroup(G);
[ 32, 37 ]
GAP4[32,38]=G32_40有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个4阶元,16个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,39]=G32_41=D8C2有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,4个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,40]=G32_42=QD16C2有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,12个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[16,8]=G16_10=QD_16
gap> G:=DirectProduct(SmallGroup(16,8),CyclicGroup(2));;IdGroup(G);
[ 32, 40 ]
GAP4[32,41]=G32_43=Q16C2有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,20个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,42]=G32_44有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,12个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,43]=G32_45有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,8个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,44]=G32_46有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,16个4阶元,8个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,46]=G32_47=D4C2C2有1个1阶元,23个2阶元,8个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,47]=G32_48=Q8C2C2有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,24个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,48]=G32_49=PC2有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,16个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[16,13]=G16_14=P
gap> G:=DirectProduct(SmallGroup(16,13),CyclicGroup(2));;IdGroup(G);
[ 32, 48 ]

GAP4[32,49]=G32_50有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,12个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元
GAP4[32,50]=G32_51有1个1阶元,11个2阶元,20个4阶元,0个8阶元,0个16阶元,0个32阶元

14种36阶群:
第1种Q_36=C_9:C_4
GAP4[36,1]=Q36有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,2个3阶元,18个4阶元,2个6阶元,6个9阶元,0个12阶元,6个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=QuaternionGroup(36);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 1 ]
[ 1, 4, 18, 6, 2, 4, 4, 4, 9, 9, 9, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 18, 18, 18, 18, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 9, 9, 9, 4, 4, 4, 18, 4 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,1,2,18,2,6,0,6,0,
第2种C_36
GAP4[36,2]=C36有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,2个3阶元,2个4阶元,2个6阶元,6个9阶元,4个12阶元,6个18阶元,12个36阶元
gap> G:=CyclicGroup(36);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 2 ]
[ 1, 36, 18, 9, 3, 12, 36, 36, 6, 18, 9, 9, 3, 36, 12, 4, 36, 36, 18, 2, 18, 9, 9, 36, 36, 4, 12, 36, 18, 6, 9, 36,
  36, 12, 18, 36 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,1,2,2,2,6,4,6,12,
第4种D_18=D_9×C_2
GAP4[36,4]=D18Set_Table=D9C2有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,2个3阶元,0个4阶元,2个6阶元,6个9阶元,0个12阶元,6个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=DihedralGroup(36);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 4 ]
[ 1, 2, 18, 9, 3, 2, 2, 2, 6, 18, 9, 9, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 18, 2, 18, 9, 9, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 18, 6, 9, 2, 2, 2, 18, 2 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,19,2,0,2,6,0,6,0,
第5种C_18×C_2
GAP4[36,5]=C18C2有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,2个3阶元,0个4阶元,6个6阶元,6个9阶元,0个12阶元,18个18阶元,0个36阶元 
gap> G:=DirectProduct(CyclicGroup(18),CyclicGroup(2));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 5 ]
[ 1, 18, 9, 3, 2, 6, 18, 18, 9, 9, 18, 3, 6, 18, 2, 6, 18, 18, 9, 18, 9, 18, 6, 18, 18, 6, 2, 18, 9, 18, 18, 18, 18,
  6, 18, 18 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,3,2,0,6,6,0,18,0,
第6种Q_12×C_3
GAP4[36,6]=Q12C3有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,8个3阶元,6个4阶元,8个6阶元,0个9阶元,12个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=DirectProduct(QuaternionGroup(12),CyclicGroup(3));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 6 ]
[ 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 4, 4, 12, 3, 3, 6, 6, 3, 4, 4, 12, 12, 12, 6, 3, 3, 6, 6, 4, 12, 12, 12, 12, 6, 3, 3, 12, 12, 12,
  6, 12 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,1,8,6,8,0,12,0,0,
第8种C_12×C_3
GAP4[36,8]=C12C3有1个1阶元,1个2阶元,8个3阶元,2个4阶元,8个6阶元,0个9阶元,16个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元 
gap> G:=DirectProduct(CyclicGroup(12),CyclicGroup(3));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 8 ]
[ 1, 12, 6, 3, 3, 4, 12, 12, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 12, 12, 4, 12, 12, 6, 6, 6, 3, 3, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 6, 6, 3, 12, 12,
  12, 6, 12 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,1,8,2,8,0,16,0,0,
第10种S_3×S_3
GAP4[36,10]=S3S3有1个1阶元,15个2阶元,8个3阶元,0个4阶元,12个6阶元,0个9阶元,0个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=DirectProduct(SymmetricGroup(3),SymmetricGroup(3));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
Group([ (1,2,3), (1,2), (4,5,6), (4,5) ])
[ 36, 10 ]
[ 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,15,8,0,12,0,0,0,0,
第11种A_4×C_3
GAP4[36,11]=A4C3有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,26个3阶元,0个4阶元,6个6阶元,0个9阶元,0个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=DirectProduct(AlternatingGroup(4),CyclicGroup(3));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<group of size 36 with 3 generators>
[ 36, 11 ]
[ 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 6, 6 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,3,26,0,6,0,0,0,0,
第12种C_6×S_3
GAP4[36,12]=C6S3有1个1阶元,7个2阶元,8个3阶元,0个4阶元,20个6阶元,0个9阶元,0个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元
gap> G:=DirectProduct(CyclicGroup(6),SymmetricGroup(3));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 12 ]
[ 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 2, 3, 6, 6, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,7,8,0,20,0,0,0,0,
第13种G18_5×C_2=GAP4[18,4]×C_2
gap> IdGroup(DirectProduct(SmallGroup(18,4),CyclicGroup(2)));
[ 36, 13 ]
G18_5C2有1个1阶元,19个2阶元,8个3阶元,0个4阶元,8个6阶元,0个9阶元,0个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元 
gap> G:=SmallGroup(36,13);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 13 ]
[ 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 6, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 6, 6, 3, 2, 2, 2, 6, 2 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,19,8,0,8,0,0,0,0,
第14种C_6×C_6
GAP4[36,14]=C6C6有1个1阶元,3个2阶元,8个3阶元,0个4阶元,24个6阶元,0个9阶元,0个12阶元,0个18阶元,0个36阶元 
gap> G:=DirectProduct(CyclicGroup(6),CyclicGroup(6));IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 14 ]
[ 1, 6, 3, 6, 3, 2, 6, 6, 3, 6, 3, 2, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 3, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 2, 6, 6, 6, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,3,8,0,24,0,0,0,0,
另外3个36阶群可由半直积构造出来:
gap> G:=SmallGroup(36,3);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 3 ]
[ 1, 9, 3, 2, 2, 9, 9, 9, 9, 3, 6, 6, 2, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 6, 6, 6, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 6, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,3,2,0,6,24,0,0,0,
gap> G:=SmallGroup(36,7);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 7 ]
[ 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 3, 4, 4, 4, 6, 4 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,1,8,18,8,0,0,0,0,
gap> G:=SmallGroup(36,9);IdGroup(G);L:=List(Elements(G),Order);M:=[1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36];for i in M do Print(Size(Positions(L,i)),","); od;
<pc group of size 36 with 4 generators>
[ 36, 9 ]
[ 1, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 2, 4 ]
[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 ]
1,9,8,18,0,0,0,0,0,

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/Ivanhan2019/p/12791328.html
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