Centos 下mysql数据库完整安装过程
1. 检查系统自带的Mysql，并卸载自带的版本
yum list installed |grep mysql
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ config]# yum list installed |grep mysql mysql.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base php56w-mysql.x86_64 5.6.40-1.w6 @webtatic
2. 卸载系统自带的mysql及其依赖 .
yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ config]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64 Loaded plugins: security Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) for package: php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) for package: mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.16()(64bit) for package: php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.16()(64bit) for package: mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_5.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs = 5.1.73-5.el6_6 for package: mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 will be erased ---> Package php56w-mysql.x86_64 0:5.6.40-1.w6 will be erased ---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_5 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================== Removing: mysql-libs x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base 4.0 M Removing for dependencies: mysql x86_64 5.1.73-5.el6_6 @base 2.4 M php56w-mysql x86_64 5.6.40-1.w6 @webtatic 457 k postfix x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_5 @updates 9.7 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================== Remove 4 Package(s) Installed size: 17 M Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 1/4 Erasing : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_5.x86_64 2/4 Erasing : mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 3/4 Erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : php56w-mysql-5.6.40-1.w6.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_5.x86_64 4/4 Removed: mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 Dependency Removed: mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-5.el6_6 php56w-mysql.x86_64 0:5.6.40-1.w6 postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_5 Complete!
3. 给CentOS添加rpm源，并且选择较新的源
1）下载rpm包
wget dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm --no-check-certificate
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# wget dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm --no-check-certificate --2019-03-29 14:45:46-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com... 137.254.60.11 Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm [following] --2019-03-29 14:45:46-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm [following] --2019-03-29 14:45:48-- https://repo.mysql.com//mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com... 104.127.195.16 Connecting to repo.mysql.com|104.127.195.16|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 5824 (5.7K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm” 100%[==============================================================================================>] 5,824 --.-K/s in 0s 2019-03-29 14:45:48 (506 MB/s) - “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm” saved [5824/5824]
2）安装本地mysql源
yum localinstall mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# yum localinstall mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm Loaded plugins: security Setting up Local Package Process Examining mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm: mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch Marking mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-release.noarch 0:el6-5 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-release noarch el6-5 /mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch 4.3 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total size: 4.3 k Installed size: 4.3 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch 1/1 Verifying : mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch 1/1 Installed: mysql-community-release.noarch 0:el6-5 Complete!
3）验证是否安装成功
yum repolist all | grep mysql
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# yum repolist all | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community enabled: 83 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - S disabled mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community enabled: 74 mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server disabled mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - S disabled mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server enabled: 493 mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - S disabled mysql57-community-dmr MySQL 5.7 Community Server Dev disabled mysql57-community-dmr-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server Dev disabled
4）修改默认版本为5.7
默认是5.6版本可用，如果想安装5.7怎么操作？
方法一：
执行：
yum-config-manager --disable mysql56-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community-dmr
如上操作，是把5.6禁用，把5.7启用
此法，会有异常情况：
如果执行命令出现如下错误：
-bash: yum-config-manager: command not found
可用执行如下命令解决，然后继续上面的操作命令：
yum -y install yum-utils
方法二：
直接编辑配置文件，简单、直接，基本不会出现错误～，注意vi编辑模式下小键盘不好使
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
把5.6的enabled=0
把5.7的enabled=1
然后保存就ok
# Enable to use MySQL 5.5
[mysql55-community]
name=MySQL 5.5 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.5-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
# Note: MySQL 5.7 is currently in development. For use at your own risk.
# Please read with sub pages: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/
[mysql57-community-dmr]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server Development Milestone Release
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
此时，再执行：
yum repolist all | grep mysql
就可以看到，5.7是启用的
[root@localhost webserver]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community 启用: 21
mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - Sourc 禁用
mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community 启用: 38
mysql-tools-community-source MySQL Tools Community - Source 禁用
mysql55-community MySQL 5.5 Community Server 禁用
mysql55-community-source MySQL 5.5 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql56-community MySQL 5.6 Community Server 禁用
mysql56-community-source MySQL 5.6 Community Server - Sourc 禁用
mysql57-community-dmr MySQL 5.7 Community Server Develop 启用: 130
mysql57-community-dmr-source MySQL 5.7 Community Server Develop 禁用
4. 安装mysql
执行如下命令：
yum install mysql-community-server
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# yum install mysql-community-server Loaded plugins: security Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.25-1.el6 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.25-1.el6 mysql57-community-dmr 153 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.25-1.el6 mysql57-community-dmr 23 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.25-1.el6 mysql57-community-dmr 332 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.25-1.el6 mysql57-community-dmr 2.1 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================== Install 4 Package(s) Total download size: 178 M Installed size: 887 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: (1/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 23 MB 00:01 (2/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 332 kB 00:00 (3/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00 (4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 153 MB 00:04 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 32 MB/s | 178 MB 00:05 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]> Package: mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch (@/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch) From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Is this ok [y/N]: y Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 1/4 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 2/4 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 3/4 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el6.x86_64 4/4 Installed: mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.25-1.el6 Complete!
注：如果安装过程遇到报错，见文章 https://www.cnblogs.com/fengfengyue/p/12783003.html
5. 启动mysql
service mysqld start
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# service mysqld start Initializing MySQL database: [ OK ] Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
6. 查看mysql服务状态
service mysqld status
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# service mysqld status mysqld (pid 7036) is running...
7. 查看mysql 初始密码
mysql5.7之后初始密码不再默认为空
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@iZ2366ycl7sZ software]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2019-03-29T07:09:36.375706Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: xo%LBtyoo2MV
其中，最后的xo%LBtyoo2MV 就是密码
8. 命令行登录mysql ，并修改密码
登录之后 第一步必须先修改密码，
否则其他操作都执行不了。
mysql -u root -p
mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql>
9. 修改密码的方法：
alter user root@localhost identified by 'passwd';
# 'passwd' 里，填写你的新密码 。
新修改的密码中 必须包含 大小写字母数字及符号