Spring配置Bean & 属性配置细节

1.Spring容器

在 Spring IOC 容器读取 Bean 配置创建 Bean 实例之前, 必须对它进行实例化. 只有在容器实例化后, 才可以从 IOC 容器里获取 Bean 实例并使用.
Spring 提供了两种类型的 IOC 容器实现.
BeanFactory: IOC 容器的基本实现.
   ①ApplicationContext: 提供了更多的高级特性. 是 BeanFactory 的子接口.
   ②BeanFactory 是 Spring 框架的基础设施,面向 Spring 本身;

  ApplicationContext 面向使用 Spring 框架的开发者,几乎所有的应用场合都直接使用 ApplicationContext 而非底层的 BeanFactory
  无论使用何种方式, 配置文件时相同的.

2.ApplicationContext

ApplicationContext 的主要实现类:
   ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:从 类路径下加载配置文件
   FileSystemXmlApplicationContext: 从文件系统中加载配置文件
   ConfigurableApplicationContext 扩展于 ApplicationContext,新增加两个主要方法:     

                                                                                     refresh() 和 close(), 让 ApplicationContext 具有启动、刷新和关闭上下文的能力
  ApplicationContext 在初始化上下文时就实例化所有单例的 Bean。
  WebApplicationContext 是专门为 WEB 应用而准备的,它允许从相对于 WEB 根目录的路径中完成初始化工作

3.从 IOC 容器中获取 Bean

   调用 ApplicationContext 的 getBean() 方法

   如:Helloword helloword = (Helloword) ctx.getBean("helloWorld2");

4.依赖注入的方式

  Spring 支持 3 种依赖注入的方式
   属性注入(setter方法注入)

    <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Helloword">
        <property name="name2"  value="Spring"></property>
    </bean>

   构造器注入

    <!-- 通过 构造方法 来配置 bean 属性 -->
    <bean id="car"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="SHANGHAI" index="1"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="3000000"  type="double"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>    

   工厂方法注入(很少使用,不推荐)

5.属性配置细节

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">

    <!--配置bean 
          class : bean 的全类名, 通过反射的方式再IOC 容器中创建bean 所以要求 Bean 中必须有无参数的构造器
          id: 标识容器中 bean. id 唯一
    -->
    <bean id="helloWorld2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Helloword">
        <property name="name2"  value="Spring"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 通过 构造方法 来配置 bean 属性 -->
    <bean id="car"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="SHANGHAI" index="1"></constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg value="3000000"  type="double"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>    
    
    <!-- 使用构造器注入属性值可以指定参数的位置和参数的类型,以区分重载的构造器 -->
    <bean id="car2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                <constructor-arg value="Baoma" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
                <!-- 如果字面值包含特殊字符可以使用<![CDATA[]]> 包裹起来-->
                <!--  属性值 也可以使用value 子节点 进行配置 -->
                <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String">
                            <value><![CDATA[<SHANGHAI**>]]></value>
                </constructor-arg>
                <constructor-arg  type="int">
                            <value>234</value>
                </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="person" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Person">
                <property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
                <property name="age" value="23"></property>
                <!-- 可以使用 property 的ref 属性 建立 bean之间的引用关系 -->
                <!-- <property name="car" ref="car2"></property> -->
                <!-- 也可以内部bean, 不能被外部引用的  , 只能在内部使用-->
                <property name="car">
                            <bean class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                                    <constructor-arg value="Ford"></constructor-arg>
                                    <constructor-arg value="Changan"></constructor-arg>
                                    <constructor-arg value="30000" type="double"></constructor-arg>
                            </bean>
                </property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="person2" class="com.aff.spring.beans.Person">
                            <constructor-arg  value="AAA"></constructor-arg>
                            <constructor-arg  value="26"></constructor-arg>
                        <!--     <constructor-arg  ref="car2"></constructor-arg> -->
                        <!-- 测试值 null  -->
                        <!-- <constructor-arg><null/></constructor-arg> -->
                        <constructor-arg ref="car"></constructor-arg>
                        <!--为级联属性赋值,注意:属性需要先初始化后才可以为级联属性赋值, 否则的话会有异常  -->
                        <property name="car.maxSpeed" value="260"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!--测试如何配置集合属性  -->
    <bean id="person3" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person">
                        <property name="name" value="Colin"></property>
                        <property name="age" value="25"></property>
                        <property name="cars" >
                        <!--使用list  节点为List 类型的属性赋值  -->
                                <list>
                                     <ref bean="car"/>
                                     <ref bean="car2"/>
                                     <bean class="com.aff.spring.beans.Car">
                                           <constructor-arg value="Ford"></constructor-arg>
                                           <constructor-arg value="Changan"></constructor-arg>
                                           <constructor-arg value="30000" type="double"></constructor-arg>
                                     </bean>
                                </list>
                        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置 Map 属性值 -->
    
    <bean id="newPerson" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.NewPerson">
    <property name="name" value="Mike"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="cars" >
                        <map>
                                    <entry key="AA" value-ref="car"></entry>
                                    <entry key="BB" value-ref="car2"></entry>
                        </map>
    </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!--配置Properties 属性值  -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.DataSource">
                        <property name="properties">
                        <!-- 使用props 和prop 子节点为 Properties 属性赋值 -->
                              <props>
                                      <prop key="user">root</prop>
                                      <prop key="password">123456</prop>
                                      <prop key="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///test</prop>
                              </props>
                        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置 单例的 集合 bean  以供 多个bean 进行引用  ,需要导入util 命名空间-->
    <util:list id="cars">
                <ref bean="car" />
                <ref bean="car2" />
    </util:list>
    
    <bean id="person4" class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person">
                <property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
                <property name="age" value="15"></property>
                <property name="cars"  ref="cars"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!--通过 p,命名空间为bean 的属性赋值, 需要先导入 p 命名空间 , 相对于传统方式更加简洁 -->
    
    <bean id="person5"  class="com.aff.spring.beans.collection.Person" p:age="30" p:name="Lin" p:cars-ref="cars"> </bean>
    
</beans>

Main.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person3");

        System.out.println(person);
        //Person [name=Colin, age=25, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=<SHANGHAI**>, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]
        
        NewPerson newPerson = (NewPerson) ctx.getBean("newPerson");
        System.out.println(newPerson);
        //NewPerson [name=Mike, age=26, cars={AA=Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], BB=Car [brand=Baoma, corp=<SHANGHAI**>, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]}]

        
        DataSource dataSource= (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource");
        System.out.println(dataSource);
        //DataSource [properties={driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, user=root, password=123456, jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test}]
        System.out.println(dataSource.getProperties());
        //{driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, user=root, password=123456, jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test}
        
        Person person4 = (Person) ctx.getBean("person4");
        System.out.println(person4);
        //Person [name=Jack, age=15, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=<SHANGHAI**>, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]
    
        Person person5 = (Person) ctx.getBean("person5");
        System.out.println(person5);
        //Person [name=Lin, age=30, cars=[Car [brand=Audi, corp=SHANGHAI, price=3000000.0, maxSpeed=260], Car [brand=Baoma, corp=<SHANGHAI**>, price=0.0, maxSpeed=234]]]

    }
}

DataSource.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.Properties;

public class DataSource {
    
    private  Properties properties;

    public Properties getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DataSource [properties=" + properties + "]";
    }

    public DataSource() {
        super();
    }

    public DataSource(Properties properties) {
        super();
        this.properties = properties;
    }

}

NewPerson

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.Map;

import com.aff.spring.beans.Car;

public class NewPerson {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Map<String, Car> cars;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public Map<String, Car> getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(Map<String, Car> cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    public NewPerson() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    public NewPerson(String name, int age, Map<String, Car> cars) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "NewPerson [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", cars=" + cars + "]";
    }
    

}

Person.java

package com.aff.spring.beans.collection;

import java.util.List;

import com.aff.spring.beans.Car;

public class Person {

    private  String name ;
    private int age;
    private  List<Car> cars;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public List<Car> getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(List<Car> cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    public Person() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    public Person(String name, int age, List<Car> cars) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.cars = cars;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", cars=" + cars + "]";
    }
}

需要的架包

commons-logging.jar

spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-beans-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-core-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

spring-expression-4.0.0.RELEASE.jar

目录

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/afangfang/p/12956308.html