- 方法
创建文件目录，输入命令
$ mkdir buster
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=buster.img bs=1M count=0 seek=4000
$ mkfs.ext4 buster.img
挂载镜像
$ sudo mount buster.img buster
安装debootstrap
$ sudo apt install debootstrap
$ sudo debootstrap --verbose --arch arm64 --variant=minbase --foreign buster buster https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/
如果过了2分钟后无响应Ctrl+C 然后再次执行（第一次可能有些软件没有成功安装，再次执行就可以了）
$ sudo debootstrap --verbose --arch arm64 --variant=minbase --foreign buster buster https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/
下载完后提示
W: Cannot check Release signature; keyring file not available /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg
I: Retrieving InRelease
I: Retrieving Packages
I: Validating Packages
I: Found packages in base already in required: apt
I: Resolving dependencies of required packages...
I: Resolving dependencies of base packages...
I: Found additional required dependencies: adduser debian-archive-keyring fdisk gcc-8-base gpgv libacl1 libapt-pkg5.0 libattr1 libaudit-common libaudit1 libblkid1 libbz2-1.0 libc6 libcap-ng0 libcom-err2 libdb5.3 libdebconfclient0 libext2fs2 libfdisk1 libffi6 libgcc1 libgcrypt20 libgmp10 libgnutls30 libgpg-error0 libhogweed4 libidn2-0 liblz4-1 liblzma5 libmount1 libncursesw6 libnettle6 libp11-kit0 libpam0g libpcre3 libseccomp2 libselinux1 libsemanage-common libsemanage1 libsepol1 libsmartcols1 libss2 libstdc++6 libsystemd0 libtasn1-6 libtinfo6 libudev1 libunistring2 libuuid1 libzstd1 zlib1g
I: Found additional base dependencies: libssl1.1 openssl
I: Checking component main on https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian...
I: Retrieving libacl1 2.2.53-4
I: Validating libacl1 2.2.53-4
I: Retrieving adduser 3.118
I: Validating adduser 3.118
查看下载的文件大小
$ du -sh buster
183M buster
安装模拟器
$ sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
复制模拟器,这里是64位的
$ sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static buster/usr/bin/
进入文件系统
$ sudo chroot buster
# /debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
等待一会，出现提示
I: Installing core packages...
I: Unpacking required packages...
I: Unpacking libacl1:arm64...
.....
I: Configuring ca-certificates...
I: Base system installed successfully.
设置主机名
# echo buster > /etc/hostname
退出
# exit
再次进入文件系统
$ sudo chroot buster
创建init链接
# ln -s lib/systemd/systemd /init
修改root密码
# passwd root
设置管理员账号和密码
# useradd -G sudo -m -s /bin/bash z
设置管理员z的密码
# passwd z
设置主机
# echo "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost" > /etc/hosts
# echo "127.0.0.1 buster" >> /etc/hosts
设置DNS解析器配置文件
# echo "nameserver 127.0.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf
# apt-get update
安装一些软件
# echo Y | apt-get install vim
# echo Y | apt-get install net-tools
# echo Y | apt install iputils-ping
# echo Y | apt-get install ssh
# echo Y | apt-get install udev
# echo Y | apt-get install fbset
# echo Y | apt-get install vim ssh
# echo Y | apt-get install scrot lsb-release
# echo Y | apt-get install ifupdown net-tools
# echo Y | apt-get install hplip-data
# echo Y | apt-get install initramfs-tools
# echo Y | apt-get install inetutils-ping
# echo Y | apt-get install apt-transport-https
# echo Y | apt-get install screenfetch
# echo Y | apt-get install udhcpc
# echo Y | apt-get install curl wget
# echo Y | apt-get install unzip zip
# echo Y | apt-get install gcc
# echo Y | apt-get install make
# echo Y | apt-get install usbutils
# echo Y | apt-get install pciutils
# echo Y | apt-get install gdb
# echo Y | apt-get install ntp
退出文件系统
# exit
取消挂载文件系统
$ sudo umount buster
$ e2fsck -p -f buster.img
$ resize2fs -M buster.img
$ df -hl
/dev/loop1 647M 615M 0 100% /home/z/px30/debian/buster
如果发现磁盘满了，需要扩容操作
$ sudo umount buster
$ sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm
$ qemu-img resize buster.img +5G //表示增加5G的大小
$ resize2fs -f buster.img
- 操作记录
