Java-翁恺进阶城堡游戏的前世今生

初版代码

出版代码问题较多，耦合性大
主要存在两个类 Game与Room 并且两者分工不明确

package castle;

import java.util.*;

public class Game {
	private Room currentRoom;
	
	public Game()
	{
		creatRooms();
	}
	
	private void creatRooms()
	{
		Room outside, lobby,pub,study,bedroom;
		
	   // 制造房间
		outside = new Room("城堡外");
		lobby = new Room("大堂");
		pub = new Room("小酒吧");
		study = new Room("书房");
		bedroom = new Room("卧室");
		
		// 初始化房间的出口
		outside.setExits(null,lobby,study,pub);
		lobby.setExits(null,null,null,outside);
		pub.setExits(outside,bedroom,null,null);
		bedroom.setExits(null,null,null,study);
		
		currentRoom = outside;        //从城堡门外开始
	}
	
	
	private void printWelcome()
	{
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡!");
		System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
		System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入'help'");
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println("现在你在:" + currentRoom);
		System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡");
		System.out.println("出口有：");
		if(currentRoom.northExit !=null)
			System.out.print("north");
		if(currentRoom.eastExit !=null)
			System.out.print("east");
		if(currentRoom.southExit !=null)
			System.out.print("south");
		if(currentRoom.westExit !=null)
			System.out.print("west");
		System.out.println();
		
	}
	
	//  以下为用户命令
	
	private void printHelp()
	{
		System.out.println("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
		System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
	}
	
	private void goRoom(String direction)
	{
		Room nextRoom = null;
		if(direction.equals("north")){
			nextRoom = currentRoom.northExit;
		}
		if(direction.equals("east")){
			nextRoom = currentRoom.eastExit;
		}
		if(direction.equals("south")){
			nextRoom = currentRoom.southExit;
		}
		if(direction.equals("west")){
			nextRoom = currentRoom.westExit;
		}
		
		if(nextRoom == null){
			System.out.println("那里没有门！");
		}
		else{
			currentRoom = nextRoom;
			System.out.println("你在"+ currentRoom);
			System.out.println("出口有：");
			if(currentRoom.northExit != null)
				System.out.println("norh");
			if(currentRoom.eastExit != null)
				System.out.println("east");
			if(currentRoom.southExit != null)
				System.out.println("south");
			if(currentRoom.westExit != null)
				System.out.println("west");		
			System.out.println();
		}
		
	}
	
	


	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();
		
		while (true){
			String line = in.nextLine();
			String[] words = line.split(" ");
			if ( words[0].equals("help")){
				game.printHelp();
			}else if ( words[0].equals("go")){
				game.goRoom(words[1]);
			}else if ( words[0].equals("bye")){
				break;
			}
		}
		
		System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
		in.close();
		

	}

}

package castle;

public class Room {
	public String description;
	public Room northExit;
	public Room southExit;
	public Room eastExit;
	public Room westExit;
	
	public Room(String description)
	{
		this.description = description;
	}
	
	public void setExits(Room north,Room east,Room south,Room west)
	{
		if(north != null)
			northExit = north;
		if(east != null)
			eastExit = east;
		if(south != null)
			southExit = east;
		if(west != null)
			westExit = west;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString()
	{
		return description;
	}



	public void southExit(Object object, Room lobby, Room study, Room pub) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

}

一版存在的问题
1.代码重复
2. 代码扩展性
例如当我们想要增加一个up方向的时候，我们发现我们需要在Room多加一个方向，同时Game中的许多方法如 showPrompt goRoom 初始化等等，也都要加上代码去判断那个up

再版代码

仍然是两个类

package castle;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
        
    public Game() 
    {
        createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口
        outside.setExit("east", lobby);
        outside.setExit("south", study);
        outside.setExit("west", pub);
        lobby.setExit("west", outside);
        pub.setExit("east", outside);
        study.setExit("north", outside);
        study.setExit("east", bedroom);
        bedroom.setExit("west", study);
        lobby.setExit("up",pub);
        pub.setExit("down",lobby);//加入后与 Room 没有任何关系了

        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();

        showPrompt();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令

    private void printHelp() 
    {
        System.out.print("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：go bye help");
        System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
    }

    private void goRoom(String direction) 
    {
        Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getNext(direction);

        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            showPrompt();
        }
    }

    public void showPrompt(){
        System.out.println("现在你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有：");
        System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitexplain());
        System.out.println();
    }
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();

        while ( true ) {
        		String line = in.nextLine();
        		String[] words = line.split(" ");
        		if ( words[0].equals("help") ) {
        			game.printHelp();
        		} else if (words[0].equals("go") ) {
        			game.goRoom(words[1]);
        		} else if ( words[0].equals("bye") ) {
        			break;
        		}
        }
        
        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
        in.close();
	}

}

Room

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Room {
    private String description;
    private HashMap<String, Room> exits = new HashMap<String, Room>();

/*
    public Room getNorth(){
        return northExit;
    }
*/

    public Room(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }  //中文翻译

    public void setExit(String dir, Room room) {
        exits.put(dir, room);
    }

    public Room getNext(String direction) {
        return exits.get(direction);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return description;
    }

    public String getExitexplain() {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        for (String dir : exits.keySet()) {
            ret.append(dir);
            ret.append(' ');
        }
        return ret.toString();
    }

    public Room getExit(String direction){
        return exits.get(direction);

    }
}

一版到二版进步很多

消除了代码的重复性，利用了showPrompt()方法进行消除
利用HashMap去存放 key与value这样使得我们可以任意添加各种方向，而不用改动多处代码，这就是因为我们使两类之间，如一些成员变量设为private，或者通过其他的框架代码使之不能直接通过这个类去访问另一个类，而是就在那个类本身中进行。
修改了goRoom 让本身做一些事情增加了getExit(String direction)
“硬编码”到容器

三版

主要就是实现了框架与数据的结合，构造函数去记录传递数据
实现了各种方法的指令化

package castle;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
    private HashMap<String,Handler> handlers=new HashMap<String, Handler>();
        
    public Game() 
    {
        handlers.put("go",new HandlerGo(this));
        handlers.put("help",new HandlerHelp(this));
        handlers.put("bye",new HandlerBye(this));
//在写一个方法的时候，如果该方法需要一个该类的对象做参数的时候，通常传入this代指该类的对象

        createRooms();
    }

    private void createRooms()
    {
        Room outside, lobby, pub, study, bedroom;
      
        //	制造房间
        outside = new Room("城堡外");
        lobby = new Room("大堂");
        pub = new Room("小酒吧");
        study = new Room("书房");
        bedroom = new Room("卧室");
        
        //	初始化房间的出口
        outside.setExit("east", lobby);
        outside.setExit("south", study);
        outside.setExit("west", pub);
        lobby.setExit("west", outside);
        pub.setExit("east", outside);
        study.setExit("north", outside);
        study.setExit("east", bedroom);
        bedroom.setExit("west", study);
        lobby.setExit("up",pub);
        pub.setExit("down",lobby);//加入后与 Room 没有任何关系了

        currentRoom = outside;  //	从城堡门外开始
    }

    private void printWelcome() {
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("欢迎来到城堡！");
        System.out.println("这是一个超级无聊的游戏。");
        System.out.println("如果需要帮助，请输入 'help' 。");
        System.out.println();

        showPrompt();
    }

    // 以下为用户命令

    public void goRoom(String direction)
    {
        Room nextRoom = currentRoom.getExit(direction);

        if (nextRoom == null) {
            System.out.println("那里没有门！");
        }
        else {
            currentRoom = nextRoom;
            showPrompt();
        }
    }

    public void showPrompt(){
        System.out.println("现在你在" + currentRoom);
        System.out.print("出口有：");
        System.out.print(currentRoom.getExitexplain());
        System.out.println();
    }

    public void play(){
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        while ( true ) {
            String line = in.nextLine();
            String[] words = line.split(" ");
            String value="";
            Handler handler = handlers.get(words[0]);
            if(words.length>1)
                value=words[1];
            if (handler != null)
                handler.doCmd(value);
            if (handler.isBye())
                break;

        }
        in.close();
    }
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Game game = new Game();
		game.printWelcome();

        System.out.println("感谢您的光临。再见！");
	}

}

整体大概这个样子，之后再想添加别的功能直接添加类就好了。
在这里插入图片描述

四版

利用内部类去实现一个个指令
Handler为接口，在Game.java构造函数里用匿名类完成go,bye,help功能
因为这样可以直接访问类内部的成员变量而非要进行刻意记录传递值

// Game.java
public class Game {
    private Room currentRoom;
    private HashMap<String, Handler> handlers = new HashMap<String, Handler>();
    protected ArrayList<String> cmds = new ArrayList<String>();
 
    public Game() {
        handlers.put("bye", new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void doCmd(String word) {
 
            }
 
            @Override
            public boolean isBye() {
                return true;
            }
        });
        handlers.put("help", new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void doCmd(String word) {
                System.out.println("迷路了吗？你可以做的命令有：" + cmds);
 
                System.out.println("如：\tgo east");
            }
 
            @Override
            public boolean isBye() {
                return false;
            }
        });
        handlers.put("go", new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void doCmd(String word) {
                goRoom(word);
            }
 
            @Override
            public boolean isBye() {
                return false;
            }
        });
        for (String cmd : handlers.keySet()) {
            cmds.add(cmd);
        }
 
        createRooms();
 
    }
     
     
// Handler.java
package castle;
 
public class Handler {
    public void doCmd(String word) {
    }
 
    public boolean isBye() {
        return false;
    }
}

Java-翁恺进阶 城堡游戏的前世今生

初版代码

再版代码

三版

四版

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Java-翁恺进阶城堡游戏的前世今生