CI_ID STU_IDS
1 1 2 3 4
2 1 4
---子查询
inser into emp values(9996, 'peter', 'MANAGER',7782, to_date('1988/12/12','yyyy/mm/dd')
create table kkk (myId number(4), myname varchar2(50), myDept number(5));
现要从emp表中把10号部门的员工转到kkk表中
insert into kkk (myId, myname, mydept) select eno, ename, edeptno from emp where deptno='10';
--更新员工Scott的岗位，工资，补助，变为与SMITH员工的一样
update emp set (job, sal, comm) = (select job, sal, comm from emp where ename = 'SMITH') where ename = 'SCOTT';
dml: 数据操作语言（ 增，删，改）
锁
保存点(savepoint) -----> 可以有无限个保存点
SQL> savepoint a1;
SQL> delete from emp where empno=9996;
SQL> savepoint a2;
SQL> delete from emp where empno=9999;
SQL> rollback to a2;
SQL> rollback to a1;
注意： rollback 只能在commit之前做！因为只要一commit，所有的保存点都不见了。
如果没有手动提交（ commit）而是退出了sql plus（exit），那么oracle会自动提交你做的操作。
提交了事务后： 事务变化，删除保存点，释放锁
---------------------------ORACLE 事务处理
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, pwd);
try{
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
statement.execut();
statement.execut();
conn.commit();
}
catch(Exeption e){
try{
conn.rollback();
}
catch(Exeption sqlExeption){
}
}finally
{
}
--------------------------只读事务----------------------------
只读事务：只允许查询，不允许DML操作。set transaction read only; 表示类似于在这个点取到系统的一个镜像，即使别的用户在操作这个数据库，我现在也是的。常用于某时刻的数据统计之类...
user1(管理员):
SQL>set transaction read only;
user2:
SQL>insert into emp values(8888,'ok',to_date('1988-12-12','yyyy-mm-dd'));
SQL>commit;
----------------
select c.ci_id, s.stu_id
from pm_ci c, pm_stu s
where instr(c.stu_ids, s.stu_id)>0
------
select ci_id, wm_concat(stu_name) names
from
(select c.ci_id, s.stu_id
from pm_ci c, pm_stu s
where instr(c.stu_ids, s.stu_id)>0)
group by ci_id
------
col names for a40
--求每年入职的员工人数
--分析
--SQL语句： select to_char(hiredate,'RR') from emp;
declare
cursor c is select to_char(hiredate,'RR') from emp;
phiredate vachar2(4);
count81 number:=0;
count82 number :=0;
count87 number :=0;
begin
open c;
loop
fetch c into phiredate;
exit when c%notfound;
if phiredate = '1981' then count81:=count81+1
elsif phiredate = '1982' then count82 :=count82+1
else then count87:=count87+1;
end loop;
end;
-----------实例二，给员工涨工资
--从最低工资涨起，但是要保证工资总额不超过50000；返回总工资数，以及涨工资的人数
--分析：
--循环，order，
declare
totalSal number ;
count number;
cursor c is select eno, esal from emp order by esal;
pno emp.eno%type
psal emp.esal%type
begin
select sum(esal) into totalSal from emp;
exit when totalSal > 50000;
open c
loop
fetch c into pno,psal;
exit when c%notfound;
if(totalSal+psal*0.1>50000) then exit
else then
update emp set esal = esal*1.1 where eno = pno;
totalSal := totalSal+psal*0.1;
count:=count+1;
end if;
end loop
close c;
--用PL语言实现部门分段（6000以上，（6000,3000）,3000一下，
-- 统计各工资段的职工人数，以及各部门 工资总额（不包括奖金）
--select depno into pdepno from emp
declare
cursor c1 is select depno from emp;
pdepno emp.depno%type;
cursor c2(pdepno emp.depno%typ) is select esal from emp where depno = pdepno;
psal emp.esal%type;
--计数器
pcount1 number;
pcount2 number;
pcount3 number;
--工资总额
totalSal number;
begin
open c1;
loop
fetch c1 into pdepno;
exit when c1%notfound;
totalSal :=0;
pcount1 number:=0;
pcount2 number:=0;
pcount3 number:=0;
,,,,,,,,,,
open c2(pdepno);
loop
fetch c2 into psal;
exit when c2%notfound;
totalSal:= totalSal+psal;
if psal > 6000 then pcount1:=pcount1+1;
elsif psal> 3000 then pcount2 :=pcount2+1;
else then pcount3:=pcount3+1;
endloop
close c2;
insert into msg(depno, count1,count2,count3, total) values(pdepno,pcount1,pcount2,pcount3,nvl(totalSal,0));
--数据字典
oracle中的表分两种： 基本表（数据字典）和 用户表
oracle中的数据字典很多，我们只需要记住一个即可：dictionary
select * from dictionary;
select * from user_cons_columns;--用户创建的所有约束
--给表创建注释：
comment on table emp is '这是一个员工信息表'
select * from user_tables;
select * from user_objects;
select * from user_tab_columns;
end loop;
close c1;
end;
----------------------jdbc创建连接
--把一个jar包放在project下的lib文件里后，还要右击选择添加到buildpath将其变成奶瓶才行哦
String driver = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver";
String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@lacalhost:1521:dbname";
String user="scott";
String password ="tiger";
static{
Class.forName(driver);
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
}
jdbc 调用procedure的过程：
1. CallableStatement callablestatement = null；
2. 建立连接
3. String sql=".....(?,?,?);"
4. callablestatement= conn.prepareCall(sql);
5. callablestatement.setInt(1, 1234);//入参
callablestatement.registerOutParameter(2, OracleTypes.VARCHAR);
callablestatement.register(3,OracleTypes.CURSOR);
6.callablestatement.execute();
7. String name = callablestatement.getString(2);
resultset rs = (OracleCallableStatement)callablestatement.getCursor(3);
/*
java -Xms100M -Xmx200M Helloword
此程序的最小内存，最大内存
ThreadDump 里含有死锁的信息。
windows: Ctrl+Break
linux: kill -3 pid
desc EmpPackage;
*/
CallableStatement --是个接口，其由 ojdbc14.jar 实现
--本地登陆：
sqlplus username/password
或者：
sqlplus username/password@localhost:1521/dbname
--远程登录
sqlplus username/[email protected]:1521/dbname
private static String driver = "oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver";
private static String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl";
private static String user = "scott";
private static String password = "tiger";
static{
try {
Class.forName(driver);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
}
}
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static void release(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet rs){
if(rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
rs =null;//既然无法关掉，总要告诉GC这个本来指向的资源可以回收啦！
}
}
if(st!=null){
try {
st.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
st =null;////既然无法关掉，总要告诉GC这个本来指向的资源可以回收啦！
}
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
conn =null;////既然无法关掉，总要告诉GC这个本来指向的资源可以回收啦！
}
}
}
}
----------------------------------------------------
dataSource 的配置：
<bean id ="dataSource" destroy-method="close" class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<value>classpath:env-jdbc.properties</value>
</property>
</bean>
jdbc--datasource（driver， url， username，pwd)
JdbcAccessor(setDataSource(datasource);_
|
|
JdbcTemplate( 封装一个datasource
JdbcTemplate 是JdbcDaoSupport的一个属性。
方案一：
personDao extends JdbcDaoSupport
public void update（）
{
this.getJdbcTemplate().execute("update Emp set ename= 'a' where eno = '3'");
}
方案二：
personDao extends JdbcTemplate
public PersonDao(DataSource dbsource)
{
super(dbsource);//TO CHECK
}
<bean id="personDao" class = ".....dao.PersonDao">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
-----------jdbc+Spring 查询
interface RowMapper{
Object mapRow(ResultSet rs);
}
|
|
PersonRowMapper implements RowMapper{
Object mapRow(ResultSet rs)
{
Person p = new Person();
p.setId(rs.getLong("pid"));
....
return p;
}
-------------------
String sql = "select * from t_actor where id = ?";
String sql_all = "select * from t_actor";
Object[] params = new Object[]{new Long(1222)};
RowMapper actorRowMapper = new ActorRowMapper();
Actor actor =(Actor) this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, params, actorRowMapper);// 返回一个object
Collection actors = this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql_all, actorRowMapper);//返回一个object的集合
--------------------------procedure------------------------------------------------------
查看错误信息：
show error；
如何调用过程：
exec 过程名（para1，para2.....）；
call 过程名（para1, para2.......）;
标识符号的命名规范：
定义变量时， 用v_作为前缀 v_id
定义常量时，用c_作为前缀 c_pi
定义游标时，用_cursor作为后缀： emp_cursor
定义例外时，用e_作为前缀
dbms_output.put_line('hello, word');
-------------------------------------------
SQL>set serveroutput on
begin
dbms_output.put_line('hello, word');
end;
/
-------------------------------------------
引入java驱动：Library-----add external jars----
-------FUNCTION
SQL>create function my_function(p_name varchar2) return numer is
yearSal number(7,2);
begin
select sal*12 + nvl(comm, 0) into yearSal from emp where ename = p_name;
return yearSal;
end;
/
==注意，刚才这部分只是生命而已！！！！！执行要这样：
SQL>var v_sal number;
SQL>call myFunction ('小红') into : v_sal;
----------关于TYPE-------------
SQL>declare
type emp_record_type is record(name emp.ename%type, salary emp.sal%type, title emp.job%type);
p_record emp_record_type;
begin
select ename, sal, job into p_record from emp where eno = '7788';
dbms_output.put_line('员工||p_record.name');
end;
/
-------TABLE--------
declare
type empNameList is table of emp.ename%type index by binary_integer;
pempnamelist empNameList ;
begin
select ename into pempnamelist(0) from emp where empno=7788;
dbms_output.put_line(''||pempnamelist(0));
----------ref cursor--------
declare
type sp_emp_cursor is ref cursor;
v_ename emp.ename%type;
v_sal emp.sal%type;
p_emp_cursor sp_emp_cursor;
begin
open p_emp_cursor for
select ename, sal from emp where deptno = &no;
loop
fetch p_emp_cursor into v_ename, v_sal ;
exit when p_emp_cursor%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(v_ename || ' '|| v_sal);
end loop
end;
end;
/
------接收键盘输入--------------------
begin
select ename, sal into v_ename, v_sal from emp where ename =&no;
end;
-------------------分页---------------------
select * from (select t1.* , rownum rn from (select * from emp) t1 where rn <=10) where rn>=6;
sql varchar:='select * from (select t1.* , rownum rn from (select * from '|| myTable || ') t1 where rn <=' ||endRow || ') where rn>= ' || startRow;
create or replace procedure FY (myTable IN varchar，pageSize in number, pageNow in number, totalRows out number, totalPage out number, cur out sys_refcursor) AS
v_endrow number := pageSize*pageNow;
v_startrow number := pageSize*(pageNow-1) +1;
sql varchar:='select * from (select t1.* , rownum rn from (select * from '|| myTable || ') t1 where rn <=' ||endRow || ') where rn>= ' || startRow;
open cur for sql;
close cur;
select count(1) into totalRows from emp;
if mod(totalRows, pageSize)=0 then
totalPage := totalRows/pageSize;
else totalPage := totalRows/pageSize+1;
end IF;
end FY;