入门程序之搭建开发环境

入门程序之搭建开发环境

1.1 入门程序之需求分析
需求分析如图所示：

1.2 入门程序之搭建开发环境
1.打开idea界面如图所示，点击Create New Project。

2.选择maven工程和JDK的版本，以及骨架如图所示：点击Next。
3.填写项目名称和保存的地址，并点击Next如图所示:
4. 解决maven项目创建过慢的问题如图所示，输入变量名：archetypeCatalog和变量值：internal，并点击ok和Finish。
5．如图所示：项目的目录结构没有下载。
6.在main目录下新建Java和resouces.并设置如图所示：
7.打开pom.xml导入相应依赖jar包的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.txw</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_01_strart</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>springmvc_01_strart Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <!--编译的版本-->
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <!--spring版本锁定-->
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${
    
    spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${
    
    spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${
    
    spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc_01_strart</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

8.打开web.xml文件配置前端控制器的代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

9.配置Tomcat服务，如图所示：


10.在index.jsp写如下的代码：

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2020/6/29 0029
  Time: 11:18
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门程序</h3>
    <a href="hello">入门程序</a>
</body>
</html>

11.在webapp/WEB-INF目录创建pages，之后创建success.jsp的代码如下：

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: Administrator
  Date: 2020/6/29 0029
  Time: 11:37
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>成功页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h3>入门成功！！！！！</h3>
</body>
</html>

目录结构如图所示：

12.在resources目录下新建springmvc.xml文件的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.txw"/>
    <!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--文件所在的目录-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <!--文件的后缀名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
  <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

13.新建控制器类的代码如下：

package com.txw.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
 *控制器类
 * @author Adair
 */
@Controller
@SuppressWarnings("all")     // 注解警告信息
public class Hello Controller {
    
    
    @RequestMapping(path="/hello")          //请求映射的路劲
    public String sayHello(){
    
    
        System.out.println("你好,SpingMVC!");
        return "success";
    }
}

14.运行结果如图所示：
15.通过谷歌浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/如图所示：

16.点击入门程序的超链接如图所示：并跳转到成功的页面如图所示：

在控制台打印如图所示的结果：

springmvc执行流程原理的如图所示：