MySQL数据库技术之双主同步架构配置

其他 2021-01-27 13:28:59 阅读次数: 0

文章目录

主主架构介绍

在企业系统中，数据库高可用是非常重要的环节。MySQL数据库常见的企业部署方式是一主多从，而它最大的风险在于主库的单点故障，从库切换成主库需要作变更。双主或多主模式可以有效的提升MySQL数据库的高可用性。双主与多主最大的问题在于需要考虑自增ID问题，这是需要在参数文件进行特别设置，最终实现双主或多主自增ID互相不冲突。

在这里插入图片描述
MySQL双主同步架构方案思路是:

  1. 两台服务器都可以实施读写操作，但默认只运用一台负责读写操作，而另一台处于备机或从库、备份的节点。
  2. 两台服务器通过Keepalive方案实现高可用架构，对外提供VIP动态地址。

主主架构部署

MySQL部署安装

# Repo源下载与安装
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

# MySQL数据库安装
yum install mysql-community-server

# MySQL
mysqld -V

在这里插入图片描述

MySQL配置文件

如下配置是MEM内存资源为8GB，仅供参考。

[Master A] 配置文件

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# Configuration name server

[mysql]

# CLIENT #
port                           = 3306
default-character-set          = utf8mb4

[client]
socket                         = /home/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user                           = mysql
default-storage-engine         = InnoDB
socket                         = /home/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file                       = /home/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server           = utf8mb4
lower-case-table-names         = 1
performance_schema             = ON
sql_mode                       = ''
server-id                      = 1

# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size                = 32M
myisam_recover_options         = FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet             = 16M
max-connect-errors             = 1000000

# DATA STORAGE #
datadir                        = /home/mysql/

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin                        = /home/mysql/mysql-bin-master
binlog_format                  = mixed
expire-logs-days               = 14
sync-binlog                    = 1
log-bin-trust-function-creators= 1

# MASTER DB #
#binlog-do-db                   = mdm,androidpnserver
binlog-ignore-db               = mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
auto-increment-increment       = 2
auto-increment-offset          = 1

# SLAVE DB #
#replicate-do-db                = mdm,androidpnserver
replicate-ignore-db            = mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
relay_log                      = /home/mysql/relay-bin
log-slave-updates              = ON

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size                 = 32M
max-heap-table-size            = 32M
query-cache-type               = 0
query-cache-size               = 0
max-connections                = 500
thread-cache-size              = 50
open-files-limit               = 65535
table-definition-cache         = 1024
table-open-cache               = 2048

# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group      = 2
innodb-log-file-size           = 256M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table          = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 4G

# LOGGING #
log-error                      = /home/mysql/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1
slow-query-log                 = 1
slow-query-log-file            = /home/mysql/mysql-slow.log

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[Master B] 配置文件

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# Configuration name server

[mysql]

# CLIENT #
port                           = 3306
default-character-set          = utf8mb4

[client]
socket                         = /home/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user                           = mysql
default-storage-engine         = InnoDB
socket                         = /home/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file                       = /home/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server           = utf8mb4
lower-case-table-names         = 1
performance_schema             = ON
sql_mode                       = ''
server-id                      = 2

# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size                = 32M
myisam_recover_options         = FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet             = 16M
max-connect-errors             = 1000000

# DATA STORAGE #
datadir                        = /home/mysql/

# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin                        = /home/mysql/mysql-bin-slave
binlog_format                  = mixed
expire-logs-days               = 14
sync-binlog                    = 1
log-bin-trust-function-creators= 1

# MASTER DB #
#binlog-do-db                   = mdm,androidpnserver
binlog-ignore-db               = mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
auto-increment-increment       = 2
auto-increment-offset          = 2

# SLAVE DB #
#replicate-do-db                = mdm,androidpnserver
replicate-ignore-db            = mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
relay_log                      = /home/mysql/relay-bin
log-slave-updates              = ON

# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size                 = 32M
max-heap-table-size            = 32M
query-cache-type               = 0
query-cache-size               = 0
max-connections                = 500
thread-cache-size              = 50
open-files-limit               = 65535
table-definition-cache         = 1024
table-open-cache               = 2048

# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group      = 2
innodb-log-file-size           = 256M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table          = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 4G

# LOGGING #
log-error                      = /home/mysql/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1
slow-query-log                 = 1
slow-query-log-file            = /home/mysql/mysql-slow.log

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

补充信息：
只有utf8mb4才是真正的UTF-8字符集，默认UTF-8并不是。

MySQL初始化

服务配置

# MySQL服务启动
systemctl start mysqld.service
# MySQL服务自动启动
systemctl enable mysqld.service
# MySQL服务状态检查
systemctl status mysqld.service

密码更新

默认密码更新
grep 'temporary password' /home/mysql/mysql-error.log
mysql -uroot -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw0rd';

MySQL主主配置

同步账号创建

[Master A] 账号

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO replication@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw0rd';
flush privileges;

[Master B] 账号

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO replication@'192.168.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'P@ssw0rd';
flush privileges;

Slave角色配置

[Master A] 状态

flush tables with read lock; #防止进入新的数据 
show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000003
         Position: 1114
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[Master B] 状态

flush tables with read lock; #防止进入新的数据 
show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000002
         Position: 865
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[Master A] 配置Slave

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.82',MASTER_USER='replication',MASTER_PASSWORD='P@ssw0rd',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=865;
start slave;

# 状态检查
show slave status\G;

# 退出锁定
UNLOCK TABLES;

[Master B] 配置Slave

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.81',MASTER_USER='replication',MASTER_PASSWORD='P@ssw0rd',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',MASTER_LOG_POS=1114;
start slave;

# 状态检查
show slave status\G;

# 退出锁定
UNLOCK TABLES;

MySQL主主验证

[Master A] 验证

show databases;
create database test01;
show databases;
drop database test02;
show databases;

[Master B] 验证

show databases;
create database test01;
show databases;
drop database test02;
show databases;

Keepalive部署安装

Keepalive安装

yum -y install keepalived psmisc

Keepalive配置

[Master A] 的Keepalive配置

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql {
    script "/usr/bin/killall -0 mysqld"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens192
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.83
    }

    track_script {
        chk_mysql
    }
}

[Master B] 的Keepalive配置

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql {
    script "/usr/bin/killall -0 mysqld"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens192
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.83
    }

    track_script {
        chk_mysql
    }
}

Keepalive启动

systemctl start keepalived.service
systemctl enable keepalived.service
systemctl status keepalived.service

Keepalive检查

ip addr

在这里插入图片描述

Keepalive 检验

[Master A] 暂停MySQL服务

systemctl stop mysqld.service

VIP动态地址将会自动切换到[Master B]且前端业务会收到一次链接失败
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

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