2015年1月6日
测试安装Oracle 11g R2静默安装安装，环境是vmware平台虚拟机。做个记录。
CentOS 6.5_x64安装Oracle 11g R2
一，下载地址
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
Oracle 11g 联机文档：
http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
二，系统要求
内存：1G（官方最低要求1G）
硬盘：40G（企业版安装所需4.29G和1.7G数据文件）
检查的命令
内存
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
交换空间
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
磁盘空间
# df -ah
三，安装前系统准备
1、修改主机名
# sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=oracledb/" /etc/sysconfig/network
# hostname oracledb
2、添加主机名与IP对应记录
#vi /etc/hosts
10.10.0.48 oracledb
3、关闭Selinux
# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
# setenforce 0
4、创建用户和组(root用户：创建Oracle安装组oinstall,数据库管理员组dba，及oracle用户)
#
# groupadd -g 200 oinstall
# groupadd -g 201 dba
# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle （主组oinstall，其它组：dba）
# passwd oracle #(P)
5、修改内核参数(root用户：修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上如下参数)
# vi/etc/sysctl.conf #末尾添加如下
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# sysctl -p #使配置生效
6、修改系统资源限制（root用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数）
# vi/etc/security/limits.conf #末尾添加如下
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
7、修改用户验证选项（root用户下：修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数）
# vi/etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_namespace.so #下面添加一条pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
8、修改用户配置文件（root用户下：修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数）
# vi/etc/profile #(如果做了第6步的limits.conf设置，这个设置就不需要了)
if [ $USER ="oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9、创建安装目录及设置权限
# mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/
# chmod 755 /opt/app/oracle/
# chown oracle.oinstall -R /opt/app/oracle/
10、设置oracle环境变量
使用oracle账户
#su - oracle
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
#设置oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
#export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ROACLE_PID=ora11g
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
完成后执行：
$ env | grep ORA #查看环境变量是否完成
oracle@oracledb ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
四、安装Oracle
1、安装依赖包
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutilscompat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-commonglibc-devel
libaio libaio-devel libgcclibstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel
2, 安装oracle
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
3, 图形界面安装（略，通常的生产环境是不安装图形界面的）
# xhost + #使所有用户都能访问图形桌面
# su –oracle
#.~/database/runInstaller
输入接受一些安全问题的邮件地址
4,字符界面下安装oracle
在/opt目录下 解压oracle软件
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压后得到database目录，其中包含response目录，该目录中有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。
三个文件作用分别是：
db_install.rsp：安装应答
dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答
netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答
将db_install.rsp备份一份，在其基础上修改内容, 将create database段中内容设置好即可。
修改静默安装的配置文件
$ less /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //一定要设为 true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
开始静默安装
$ /opt/database/runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 165908 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
[WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.
CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
安装完毕后会提示上述的信息，按照要求执行上述脚本即可
备注：[WARNING] 是需要安装一些i386 的包。查看log安装即可
五，配置监听程序
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /opt/database/response/netca.rsp
[oracle@oracledb bin]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /opt/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Listener "LISTENER" already exists.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
启动监控程序
$ /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
或$ORACLE_BADE//opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 30-JAN-2015 13:23:46
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 30-JAN-2015 13:23:47
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
启动成功
静默dbca建库
oracle@oracledb]$ vim /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "ora11g.dg01"78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="orcl" //149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
[oracle@oracledb response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/ora11g.log" for further details.
启动数据库
$ sqlplus / as sysdba //as前有个空格
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:26:57 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> start
SP2-1506: START, @ or @@ command has no arguments
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size 2217832 bytes
Variable Size 1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers 16568320 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
使用show parameter；或者select table_name from dba_tables看看是否正常
启动监听
启动监听：lsnrctl start
查看监听：lsnrctl status
停止监听：lsnrctl stop
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-FEB-2015 14:45:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 16-FEB-2015 14:45:02
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
报错排除
[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 161383 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_01-34-45PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32012] Unable to create directory.
CAUSE: Either proper permissions were not granted to create the directory or there was no space left in the volume.
ACTION: Check your permission on the selected directory or choose another directory.
[FATAL] [INS-32012] Unable to create directory.
CAUSE: Either proper permissions were not granted to create the directory or there was no space left in the volume.
ACTION: Check your permission on the selected directory or choose another directory.
error
[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 165989 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_03-18-11PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32015] The location specified for Oracle home Location is invalid.
CAUSE: The specified location cannot be used for Oracle home Location. Either the specified location is not found on the system or is detected to be a file.
ACTION: Specify a valid location for Oracle home Location.
[WARNING] [INS-32018] The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.
[FATAL] [INS-32021] Insufficient disk space on this volume for the selected Oracle home.
CAUSE: The selected Oracle home was on a volume without enough disk space.
ACTION: Choose a location for Oracle home that has enough space (minimum of 4,397MB) or free up space on the existing volume.
解决办法：
检查了环境变量$ORACLE_BASE和$ORACLE_HOME发现两个路径均正常，没有发现任何异常
逐步从头排查，发现在文件./response/db_install.rsp中INVENTORY_LOCATION、ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_HOME三个字段被配置成了相对路径
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin :$PATH:$HOME/bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 5402 Aug 18 2009 welcome.html
[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 165989 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 16383 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_05-56-45PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32015] The location specified for Oracle home Location is invalid.
CAUSE: The specified location cannot be used for Oracle home Location. Either the specified location is not found on the system or is detected to be a file.
ACTION: Specify a valid location for Oracle home Location.
[WARNING] [INS-32018] The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.
[FATAL] [INS-32021] Insufficient disk space on this volume for the selected Oracle home.
CAUSE: The selected Oracle home was on a volume without enough disk space.
ACTION: Choose a location for Oracle home that has enough space (minimum of 4,397MB) or free up space on the existing volume.
A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_05-56-45PM/installActions2015-01-26_05-56-45PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.
报错，解决
$ sqlplus / as sysdba 报错如下：
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:21:24 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified
Enter user-name:
*****解决办法
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
oracle_SID 为空
添加SID
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
确认添加成功
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ora11g
测试是否启动
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:26:57 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> start
SP2-1506: START, @ or @@ command has no arguments
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size 2217832 bytes
Variable Size 1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers 16568320 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
正常，问题得到解决
还可以将ORACLE_SID等环境变量写入到系统profile中，但需要确保系统profile文件内容的有效