SpringCloud-Rest环境搭建

数据库

  • 创建数据库 db01
CREATE TABLE dept(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept;

1. 创建父工程,进行依赖管理

 <dependencyManagement>
        
        <dependencies>
            <!--springcloud依赖-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-dependencies -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR8</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!--springboot依赖-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-dependencies -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!--数据库-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>8.0.23</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.5</version>
            </dependency>

            <!--springboot启动器-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis.spring.boot/mybatis-spring-boot-starter -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.4</version>
            </dependency>

            <!--junit-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!--lombok-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!--log4j-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!--logback-->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/ch.qos.logback/logback-core -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
  • spring-cloud-dependencies和spring-boot-dependencies的作用范围设置为:< scope>import< /scope>,这样其他的相关插件的版本就可以根据cloud和boot的版本自动导入

2. 建立第一个 api Moudle,存放实体类,模拟一个服务器

  1. 导入所需要的依赖
<!--当前module所需要的依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  1. 编写实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Dept implements Serializable {
    
    
    private long deptno;
    private String dname;
    //来自哪个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息被存到多个不同的数据库
    private String db_source;
    
    public Dept(String dname){
    
    
        this.dname = dname;
    }

}
  • tips:开启链式写法
//@Accessors(chain = true)   开启链式写法

    /**
     *链式写法
     * user.setId(1).setName("qk").setGender("男")
     */
  • 为了安全,实体类要序列化,实现Serializable接口
implements Serializable

3. 建立第二个 provider Moudle,存放mapper、service和controller三层,模拟一个服务器

  1. 导入模块所需依赖(通过pom坐标,引入第一个Moudle)
 <dependencies>
        <!--引入自定义的模块,我们就可以使用这个模块中的类了-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.qk</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-01-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
  1. mapper层
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptMapper {
    
    
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept); //添加一个部门
    public Dept queryById(Long id); //根据id查询部门
    public List<Dept> queryAll(); //查询所有部门
}
  • mapper映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.qk.springcloud.mapper.DeptMapper">
    <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
        insert into dept (dname,db_source) values (#{dname},DATABASE());
    </insert>
    <select id="queryById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
        select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno = #{deptno};
    </select>
    <select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept">
        select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
    </select>
</mapper>
  1. service层
public interface DeptService {
    
    

    public boolean addDept(Dept dept); //添加一个部门
    public Dept queryById(Long id); //根据id查询部门
    public List<Dept> queryAll(); //查询所有部门
}
  • service层实现类
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService{
    
    

    //自动注入
    @Autowired
    private DeptMapper deptMapper;

    @Override
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
    
    
        return deptMapper.addDept(dept);
    }
    @Override
    public Dept queryById(Long id) {
    
    
        return deptMapper.queryById(id);
    }
    @Override
    public List<Dept> queryAll() {
    
    
        return deptMapper.queryAll();
    }
}
  1. springboot配置文件
server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.qk.springcloud.pojo   #扫描api Moudle 下的实体类
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml   #扫描provider Moudle 下的实体类映射文件

spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-dept   #给项目起个名字
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: root
  1. 编写springboot主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
    }
}
  1. 可以编写controller层,进行测试检验前两个Moudle是否可以顺利调用
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/dept")
public class DeptController {
    
    
    @Autowired
    private DeptService service;
    // @RequestBody
// 如果参数是放在请求体中,传入后台的话,那么后台要用@RequestBody才能接收到
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
    
    
        return service.addDept(dept);
    }
    @GetMapping("/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
    
    
        return service.queryById(id);
    }
    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<Dept> queryAll() {
    
    
        return service.queryAll();
    }
}

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4. 建立第三个 consumer Moudle,调用第二个服务器的service层,模拟一个服务器

  1. 端口配置
server:
  port: 80
  1. 编写controller层
  • RestTemplate 需要自己配置,再注入
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class DeptConsumerController {
    
    
    //理解:消费者,不应该有service层
    // 远程调用 调用http://localhost:8001下的数据
    // 使用RestTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴且无脑,提供多种便捷访问远程http服务的方法,简单的restful服务模板
    // getForObject (请求地址 , 实体 ,响应类型)
    // (url,requestMap,ResponseBean.class) 这三个参数分别代表
    // REST请求地址,请求参数,Http响应转换 被 转换成的对象类型
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
    @RequestMapping("/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept){
    
    
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
    
    
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
    
    
        return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
    }
}
  1. 获取 RestTemplate
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateBean {
    
    
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
    
    
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
  • 在SpringCloud中,远程调用需要使用RestTemplate
  • RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板
    类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集
  • 使用RestTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单,(url,requsetMap,ResponseBean.class) 三个参数分别代表REST请求地址,请求参数,Http响应转换 被 转换成的对象类型
  1. 编写主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
    }
}

5. 完毕

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对比

  • RPC(Dubbo+Zookeeper):
    需要暴露接口,消费者有生产者相同的接口,通过@Reference远程引用生产者的service
  • SpringCloud
    只需要知道远程的url地址,通过RestTemplate的get或post等方法去请求调用service层的方法

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_40429067/article/details/113976251
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