Spring Cloud（一）：微服务架构构建

其他 2021-03-21 11:42:00 阅读次数: 0

1. 环境

约定 > 配置 > 编码

  • spring cloud：Hoxton.SR1
  • spring boot：2.2.2.RELEASE
  • spring cloud Alibaba：2.1.0.RELEASE
  • jdk：1.8
  • maven：3.5及以上（阿里云仓库）
  • mysql：5.7及以上

2. Spring Cloud整体聚合父工程Project

2.1 新建 Maven project

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2.2 聚合总工程名字和包名

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2.3 Maven版本选择

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2.4 idea 字符编码设置

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2.5 idea注解生效激活

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2.6 JDK编译版本1.8

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2.7 File Type文件过滤

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2.8 父工程POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lele.springcloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
  </properties>

  <!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version  -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>${mysql.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>${druid.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>


  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <fork>true</fork>
          <addResources>true</addResources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

2.9 Maven中的dependencyManagement和dependencies

  • 如果有多个子项目都引用同一样依赖，则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号，这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时，只需要在顶层父容器里更新，而不需要一个一个子项目的修改；另外，如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本，只需要声明 version 即可。
  • dependencyManagement 只是声明依赖，并不实现引入，因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。
  • 如果不在子项目中声明依赖，是不会从父项目中继承该项，并且 version 和 scope 都读取自父pom；
  • 如果子项目中指定了版本号，那么会使用子项目中指定的 jar 版本；

2.10 maven 中跳过单元测试

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2.11 父工程创建完成执行mvn:install将父工程发布到仓库方便子工程继承（删除父工程下的src）

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3. Rest微服务工程构建

3.1 cloud-provider-payment8001微服务提供者支付Module模块

3.1.1 新建 cloud-provider-payment8001 模块

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3.1.2 改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lele.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

3.1.3 新建 application.yml 文件

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server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    #当前数据源操作类型
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    #mysql驱动包
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: root

mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.lele.springcloud.entities  #所有Entity别名类所在包

3.1.4 新建主启动类PaymentApplication

package com.lele.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentApplication {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.1.5 业务类

【建表SQL】

CREATE TABLE `payment`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
  `serial` varchar(200) NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8;

【Entities】

  • 主实体Payment
package com.lele.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 21:11
 * @description:
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    
    

    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}
  • Json封装体CommonResult
package com.lele.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 21:25
 * @description:
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    
    

    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
    
    
        this(code, message, null);
    }
}

【dao】

  • PaymentDao
package com.lele.springcloud.dao;

import com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 21:38
 * @description:
 */
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
    
    

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

【mapper】

  • PaymentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lele.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
    <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial});
    </insert>

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id = #{id};
    </select>
</mapper>

【service】

  • PaymentService
package com.lele.springcloud.service;

import com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 22:01
 * @description:
 */
public interface PaymentService {
    
    

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
  • PaymentServiceImpl
package com.lele.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.lele.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lele.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 22:02
 * @description:
 */
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
    
    

    @Resource
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
    
    
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
    
    
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

【controller】

  • PaymentController
package com.lele.springcloud.controller;

import com.lele.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.lele.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/2/28 22:09
 * @description:
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    
    

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
    
    
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("**********插入结果："+result);

        if (result > 0) {
    
    
            return new CommonResult(200, "插入数据库成功，serverPort:"+serverPort, result);
        } else {
    
    
            return new CommonResult(444, "插入数据失败", null);
        }
    }

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
    
    
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("**********插入结果："+payment);

        if (payment != null) {
    
    
            return new CommonResult(200, "查询成功，serverPort:"+serverPort, payment);
        } else {
    
    
            return new CommonResult(444, "没有对应记录，查询id：" +id, null);
        }
    }
}

3.1.6 测试

  • http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31
  • postman模拟post

3.1.7 结构图

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3.1.8 总结

  1. 建module
  2. 改POM
  3. 写YML
  4. 主启动
  5. 业务类

3.2 cloud-consumer-order80微服务消费者订单Module模块

操作流程一样

3.2.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lele.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.2.2 application.yml

server:
  port: 80

3.2.3 主启动类

package com.lele.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/3/1 21:19
 * @description:
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class, args);
    }
}

3.2.4 业务类

  • 实体类
package com.lele.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/3/1 21:29
 * @description:
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    
    

    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

package com.lele.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/3/1 21:31
 * @description:
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    
    

    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
    
    
        this(code, message, null);
    }
}
  • RestTemplate
    • RestTemplate 提供了多种便捷访问远程 Http 服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问 restful 服务模板类，是 Spring 提供的用于访问 Rest 服务的客户端模板工具集；
    • 官网地址：
      https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
    • （url，requestMap，ResponseBean.class）这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
  • config 类
package com.lele.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/3/1 21:57
 * @description:
 */
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
    
    

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
    
    
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}
  • Controller：
package com.lele.springcloud.controller;


import com.lele.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.lele.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author: lele
 * @date: 2021/3/1 21:33
 * @description:
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    
    

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment) {
    
    
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "payment/create", payment, CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
    
    
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get" + id, CommonResult.class);
    }
}

3.2.5 测试

  • 先启动cloud-provider-payment8001
  • 再启动cloud-consumer-order80
  • 浏览器访问：http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1
  • 不要忘记@RequestBody注解
    在这里插入图片描述

3.3 工程重构（公共模块 common）

3.3.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.lele.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3.3.2 entities

将 cloud-provider-payment8001 和 cloud-consumer-order80 模块下的 Payment和CommResult实体类 复制到 cloud-api-common 模块中的 entities目录下。
在这里插入图片描述

  • cloud-api-commons 模块中执行 maven clean，maven install
  • 在 cloud-provider-payment8001 和 cloud-consumer-order80 的 pom.xml 引入以下依赖：
<!-- 引入自定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.lele.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
  • 分别删除 cloud-provider-payment8001 和 cloud-consumer-order80 模块下的 entities

3.4 目前项目样图

在这里插入图片描述

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