Java RestTemplate远程调用传递参数

Java RestTemplate远程调用传递参数

最近使用Spring 的 RestTemplate 工具类请求接口的时候发现参数传递的一个坑,也就是当我们把参数封装在Map里面的时候,Map 的类型选择。 使用RestTemplate post请求的时候主要可以通过三种方式实现

  1. 调用postForObject方法
  2. 使用postForEntity方法
  3. 调用exchange方法

postForObject和postForEntity方法的区别主要在于:
可以在postForEntity方法中设置header的属性,当需要指定header的属性值的时候,使用postForEntity方法。

exchange方法和postForEntity类似,但是更灵活,exchange还可以调用get、put、delete请求。使用这三种方法调用post请求传递参数,Map不能定义为以下两种类型(url使用占位符进行参数传递时除外)
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
Map<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();

经过测试,我发现这两种map里面的参数都不能被后台接收到,这个问题困扰我两天,终于,当我把Map类型换成LinkedMultiValueMap后,参数成功传递到后台。
MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
注:HashMap是以请求体传递,MultiValueMap是表单传递。

经过测试,正确的POST传参方式如下

public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate template = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://192.168.2.40:8081/channel/channelHourData/getHourNewUserData";
        // 封装参数,千万不要替换为Map与HashMap,否则参数无法传递
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, Object>();
        paramMap.add("dt", "20180416");
 
        // 1、使用postForObject请求接口
        String result = template.postForObject(url, paramMap, String.class);
        System.out.println("result1==================" + result);
 
        // 2、使用postForEntity请求接口
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(paramMap,headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, String.class);
        System.out.println("result2====================" + response2.getBody());
 
        // 3、使用exchange请求接口
        ResponseEntity<String> response3 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, String.class);
        System.out.println("result3====================" + response3.getBody());
}

补充:POST传参对象

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
private String url="http://localhost:8080/users";
 
public Integer save(User user){
    Map<String,String> map = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, Map.class);
    if(map.get("result").equals("success")){
        //添加成功
        return 1;
    }
    return -1;
}
 
 //这是访问的controller方法  
@RequestMapping(value = "users",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public Map<String,String> save(@RequestBody User user){
    Integer save = userService.save(user);
    Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();
    if(save>0){
        map.put("result","success");
        return map;
    }
    map.put("result","error");
    return map;
}

ps:post请求也可以通过占位符的方式进行传参(类似get),但是看起来不优雅,推荐使用文中的方式。
GET方式传参说明
如果是get请求,又想要把参数封装到map里面进行传递的话,Map需要使用HashMap,且url需要使用占位符,如下:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate2 = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8081/interact/getData?dt={dt}&ht={ht}";
   
        // 封装参数,这里是HashMap
    Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    paramMap.put("dt", "20181116");
    paramMap.put("ht", "10");
 
    //1、使用getForObject请求接口
    String result1 = template.getForObject(url, String.class, paramMap);
    System.out.println("result1====================" + result1);
 
    //2、使用exchange请求接口
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    headers.set("id", "lidy");
    HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>>(null,headers);
    ResponseEntity<String> response2 = template.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class,paramMap);
    System.out.println("result2====================" + response2.getBody());
}

RestTemplate提供的delete()和put()方法都没有返回值,但是我要调用的接口是有返回值的,网上的资料很多都是写的调用exchange()方法来实现,但是基本上都没有给出完整实例,导致我在参考他们的代码的时候会出现参数无法传递的问题,目前我已经解决该问题,现将我的解决方法分享出来

我同样是使用exchange()方法来实现,但是url有讲究,需要像使用exchange方法调用get请求一样,使用占位符
delete请求实例,请求方式使用 HttpMethod.DELETE(resultful风格使用占位符)

/**
 * 删除用户
 * @param id
 * @return
 */
public String delete(Long id) {
    StringBuffer url = new StringBuffer(baseUrl)
            .append("/user/delete/{id}");
 
    Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
    paramMap.put("id", id);
 
    ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String .class, paramMap);
    String result = response.getBody();
 
    return result;
}

补充:resultful风格直接拼接url

//负责调用provider的方法,获取数据
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//在provider端资源的路径
private String url="http://localhost:8080/details";   
 
public String deleteDetail(Integer id){
    ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url + "/" + id, HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String.class);
    String result = response.getBody();
    return result;
}
 
//被调用的controller方法
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "details/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteDetail(@PathVariable Integer id){
    Integer integer = detailService.deleteDetail(id);
    if(integer>0){
        return "success";
    }
    return "error";
}

不是resultful风格可以使用占位符

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private String url="http://localhost:8080/details?id={id}";
 
public String deleteDetail(Integer id){
         
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramMap.put("id", id);
        ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.DELETE, null, String .class, paramMap);
        String result = response.getBody();
        return result;
    }

put请求实例,请求方式使用 HttpMethod.PUT

/**
 * 更新用户基础信息
 * @param userInfoDTO
 * @return
 */
public String edit(UserInfoDTO userInfoDTO) {
    StringBuffer url = new StringBuffer(baseUrl)
            .append("/user/edit?tmp=1")
            .append("&id={id}")
            .append("&userName={userName}")
            .append("&nickName={nickName}")
            .append("&realName={realName}")
            .append("&sex={sex}")
            .append("&birthday={birthday}");
 
    Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
    paramMap.put("userId", userInfoDTO.getId());
    paramMap.put("userName", userInfoDTO.getUserName());
    paramMap.put("nickName", userInfoDTO.getNickName());
    paramMap.put("realName", userInfoDTO.getRealName());
    paramMap.put("sex", userInfoDTO.getSex());
    paramMap.put("birthday", userInfoDTO.getBirthday());
 
    ResponseEntity<String > response = restTemplate.exchange(url.toString(), HttpMethod.PUT, null, String .class, paramMap);
    String result = response.getBody();
    return result;
 
}

再次补充exchange()传参对象:
    参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/jnba/p/10522608.html

//测试post的controller
@RequestMapping(value = "detailsPost",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String test02(@RequestBody Detail detail){
    System.out.println("POST-"+detail);
    return "error";
}
//测试put的controller
@RequestMapping(value = "detailsPut",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String test03(@RequestBody Detail detail){
    System.out.println("PUT-"+detail);
    return "error";
}
//测试delete的controller
@RequestMapping(value = "detailsDelete",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String test04(@RequestBody Detail detail){
    System.out.println("DELETE-"+detail);
    return "error";
}
 
 
//测试方法
public String test(){
    //put传递对象
    //String json = "{\"author\":\"zsw\",\"createdate\":1582010438846,\"id\":1,\"summary\":\"牡丹\",\"title\":\"菏泽\"}";
    //HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    //headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    //HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<>(json,headers);
    //ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPut", HttpMethod.PUT, entity, String.class);
 
    //delete传递对象
    Detail detail=new Detail();
    detail.setId(1L);
    detail.setSummary("牡丹");
    detail.setTitle("菏泽");
    detail.setAuthor("zsw");
    detail.setCreatedate(new Timestamp(new Date().getTime()));
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
    HttpEntity<Detail> entity = new HttpEntity<>(detail,headers);
    ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsDelete", HttpMethod.DELETE, entity, String.class);
 
    String result = resp.getBody();
    System.out.println(result);
    return result;
}

delete请求和上面一样,但是get不行,直接报错400。好像是get不支持这种传参。https://blog.belonk.com/c/http_resttemplate_get_with_body.htm 和这大哥的情况一样,但是他的解决方案我没搞明白,so 如有大佬还望指点一下老弟,不胜感激。

exchange()传递单个参数可以使用占位符:

 //post传递单参
//        ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPostD?id={id}&name={name}", HttpMethod.POST, null, String.class,1,"zsw");
        //put传递单参
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
        map.put("id",1);
        map.put("name","zsw");
        ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:8080/detailsPutD?id={id}&name={name}", HttpMethod.PUT, null, String.class,map);

get、post、put、delete请求通用。

可以参考spring 官网的例子,清晰直接直观 https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.1.6.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#rest-template-multipart

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Guesshat/article/details/109549440