springboot-12-shiro

一、什么是Shiro?

● Apache Shiro是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
● Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境，也可以用在JavaEE环境。
● Shiro可以完成，认证，授权，加密，会话管理，Web集成，缓存等.
● 下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/

1.有哪些功能

● Authentication: 身份认证、登录，验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
● Authorization:授权,即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限，即判断用户能否进行什么操作，如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色，或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
● Session Manager: 会话管理，即用户登录后就是第一次会话，在没有退出之前，它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境，也可以是Web环境;
● Cryptography: 加密,保护数据的安全性，如密码加密存储到数据库中，而不是明文存储;
● Web Support Web支持，可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
● Caching 缓存，比如用户登录后，其用户信息，拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
● Concurrency: Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证，即，如在-个线程中开启另-一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
● Testing:提供测试支持;
● RunAs:允许一个用户假装为另-一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
● Remember Me:记住我，这个是非常常见的功能，即一次登录后， 下次再来的话不用登录了

2.Shiro架构(外部)

● subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject, 也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject, Subject代表了当前的用户，这个用户不一定是一个具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫，机器人等，与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager; Subject其实是一个门面， SecurityManageer 才是实际的执行者
● SecurityManager: 安全管理器，即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互, 并且它管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心，它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互，它相当于SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
● Realm: Shiro从Realm获取安全数据 (如用户,角色，权限)，就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份，那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较，来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限，进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行，可以把Realm看DataSource;

3.Shiro架构(内部)

● Subject: 任何可以与应用交互的用户;
● Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherSerlet; 是Shiro的心脏， 所有具体的交互都通过Security Manager进行控制，它管理者所有的Subject, 且负责进行认证,授权，会话，及缓存的管理。
● Authenticator:负责Subject认证， 是-一个扩展点，可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy)，即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
● Authorizer:授权器，即访问控制器，用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中
的那些功能;
● Realm: 可以有一个或者多个的realm, 可以认为是安全实体数据源，即用于获取安全实体的，可以用JDBC实现，也可以是内存实现等等，由用户提供;所以- -般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
● SessionManager:管理Session生 命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境，也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
● CacheManager: 缓存控制器，来管理如用户，角色，权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
● Cryptography:密码模块，Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密， 解密等

二、Shiro快速开始

创建一个普通maven项目springboot-06-shiro,然后删除src目录,这样的话就可以在这个项目里新建很多model.

在springboot-06-shiro里新建model shiro-01-helloshiro
父依赖pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- configure logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

shiro.ini

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

Quickstart.java

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.text.IniRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {
    
    

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    


        DefaultSecurityManager defaultSecurityManager=new DefaultSecurityManager();
        IniRealm iniRealm=new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");
        defaultSecurityManager.setRealm(iniRealm);
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(defaultSecurityManager);


        // 获得当前用户对象 Subject
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // 通过当前用户拿到session
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
    
    
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // 判断当前用户是否被认证
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
    
    
            //Token:令牌
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
    
    
                currentUser.login(token); //执行登录操作
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
    
    
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
    
    
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
    
    
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
    
    
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
    
    
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
    
    
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //粗粒度
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
    
    
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
    
    
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //细粒度
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
    
    
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
    
    
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //注销
        currentUser.logout();

        //结束
        System.exit(0);
    }
}

执行

三、springboot整合shiro

项目结构图

数据库

程序代码

新建一个springboot项目，勾选web，thymeleaf模块
pom.xml

<dependencies>

    <!--
    subject 用户
    securityManager 管理所有用户
    realm  连接数据
    -->

    <!--连接数据库的依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.15</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.13</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--引入mybatis,这是mybatis官方提供的适配springboot的，而不是springboot自己的-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--不想书写setter、getter方法，导入此依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.16.22</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--shiro整合spring的包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--shiro-thymeleaf整合-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    #?serverTimezone=UTC解决时区的报错
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 切换数据源

    #Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的，需要自己绑定
    #druid 数据源专有配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true

    #配置监控统计拦截的filters，stat:监控统计、log4j：日志记录、wall：防御sql注入
    #如果允许时报错  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
    #则导入 log4j 依赖即可，Maven 地址：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.kuang.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

UserRealm.java

package com.kuang.config;

import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import com.kuang.service.UserService;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    
    

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
    
    
        System.out.println("执行了授权");

        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo ();

        //拿到当前登录的对象
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //拿到user对象
        User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
        //添加权限（数据库中拿的）
        info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
        return info;
    }

    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
    
    
        System.out.println("执行了认证");

        UsernamePasswordToken userToken=(UsernamePasswordToken)token;

//        //用户名、密码  模拟从数据库中获取
//        String name = "root";
//        String password = "1111";
//
//        //用户名认证
//        if (!userToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
    
    
//            return null;//抛出异常 UnknownAccountException
//        }
//
//        //密码认证，shiro做
//        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");

        //连接真实数据库
        User user = userService.queryUserByName(userToken.getUsername());
        if (user==null){
    
    //没有这个人
            return null;//抛出异常 UnknownAccountException
        }

        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        Session session = subject.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("loginUser",user);

        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
    }
}

ShiroConfig.java

package com.kuang.config;

import at.pollux.thymeleaf.shiro.dialect.ShiroDialect;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.Realm;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig{
    
    

    //ShiroFilterFactoryBean 第三步
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean  getShiroFilterBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){
    
    
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);

        Map<String, String> filterMap =new LinkedHashMap<>();
        
        // 添加Shiro内置过滤器
        /**
         * Shiro内置过滤器，可以实现权限相关的拦截器
         *  常用的过滤器：
         *      anon：无需认证（登陆）可以访问
         *      authc：必须认证才可以访问
         *      user：如果使用rememberMe的功能，可以直接访问
         *      perms：该资源必须得到资源权限才可以访问
         *      role：该资源必须得到角色权限才可以访问
         */
        //拦截，必须有什么权限才能访问
        filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");
        filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
        
        //拦截，必须认证才能访问
        //filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");

        bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);

        //访问时用户未认证，跳转到登录界面
        bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
        //若访问时用户未被授权，则跳转至未授权页面
        bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");

        return bean;
    }

    //DefaultWebSecurityManager 第二步
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") Realm realm){
    
    
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //关联userRealm
        securityManager.setRealm(realm);
        return securityManager;
    }

    //realm 第一步
    @Bean
    public Realm userRealm(){
    
    
        return new UserRealm();
    }

    //整合ShiroDialect:用来整合shiro thymeleaf
    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect(){
    
    
        return new ShiroDialect();
    }
}

MyController.java

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class MyController {
    
    

    @RequestMapping({
    
    "/","/index"})
    public String toIndex(Model model){
    
    
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/add")
    public String add(){
    
    
        return "user/add";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/update")
    public String update(){
    
    
        return "user/update";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin(){
    
    
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/noauth")
    @ResponseBody
    public String unauthorized(){
    
    
        return "未授权无法访问此页面";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String username,String password,Model model) {
    
    
        //获取当前用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //封装用户的登录数据
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);

        try {
    
    
            subject.login(token);//执行登录的方法，如果没有异常就说明ok了
            return "index";//登录成功跳到首页
        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
    
     //用户名不存在
            model.addAttribute("msg", "用户名不存在！");
            return "login";
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
    
    
            model.addAttribute("msg", "密码错误！");
            return "login";
        }

    }

    @RequestMapping("/logout")
    public String logout(){
    
    
        //获取当前用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        subject.logout(); // session 会销毁，在SessionListener监听session销毁，清理权限缓存
        System.out.println("执行了退出");
        return "redirect:index";
    }

}

User.java

package com.kuang.pojo;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    
    

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;
    private String perms;
}

UserMapper.java

package com.kuang.mapper;

import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    
    

    public User queryUserByName(String name);

}

UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="queryUserByName" parameterType="String" resultType="User">
        select * from user where name=#{name}
    </select>
</mapper>

UserService.java

package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.pojo.User;

public interface UserService {
    
    
    public User queryUserByName(String name);
}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    
    

    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public User queryUserByName(String name) {
    
    
        return userMapper.queryUserByName(name);
    }
}

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"
      xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>首页</h1>

<p th:text="${msg}"></p>

<hr>

    <div th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
        <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
    </div>
    <div th:if="${session.loginUser!=null}">
        <a th:href="@{/logout}">注销</a>
    </div>

    <div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
        <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
    </div>
    <div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
        <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
    </div>

</body>
</html>

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml?">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<hr>
<p th:text="${msg}" style="color:red;"></p>
<form th:action="@{/login}">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password">
    <br>
    <input type="submit" name="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

add.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>添加</h1>
</body>
</html>

update.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>修改</h1>
</body>
</html>

四、总结

Shiro 三大要素

subject -> ShiroFilterFactoryBean
securityManager -> DefaultWebSecurityManager
realm
实际操作中对象创建的顺序 ： realm -> securityManager -> subject

流程梳理：
1.用户进入首页点击跳转，Shiro内置过滤器进行拦截，看过滤器的设置，未认证跳转到登录页面，未授权跳转到未授权界面；
2.认证

• 用户进入登录页面，输入用户名密码准备进行认证，点击登录按钮后，会请求/login，
• 首先调用Subject.login(token) 进行登录，其会自动委托给SecurityManager，
• SecurityManager负责真正的身份验证逻辑；它会委托给Authenticator 进行身份验证；
• Authenticator 才是真正的身份验证者，Authenticator 会把相应的token 传入Realm，从Realm 获取身份验证信息，如果没有返回/抛出异常表示身份验证失败了，如果有就返回AuthenticationInfo验证信息，此信息中包含了身份（pricipals）及凭证，也就是账号密码。

3.授权

• 对subject进行授权，调用方法isPermitted（“permission串”），递交给SecurityManager
• SecurityManager将权限检测操作委托给Authorizer授权管理器对象
• Authorizer执行Realm（自定义的Realm）从数据库查询权限数据并封装
• Authorizer对用户授权信息进行判定(判断用户访问资源时需要什么权限，假如用户所具有的权限包含这个资源访问时所需要的权限，那么用户就可以访问这个资源了)。