rpm包管理、yum源及创建本地仓库（同步华为源）

其他 2021-03-24 11:12:45 阅读次数: 0

rpm包来源

1、来源网络下载
2、来源本地：自己的镜像自带的rpm包

rpm命令

#安装
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm
#http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/
-v : 显示安装过程
-i ：显示安装包的详细信息
-h : 安装包哈希标记

#下载Nginx rpm安装包的全名

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
--2021-03-17 12:16:47--  http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2a05:d014:edb:5702::6, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|52.58.199.22|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 790284 (772K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm’

100%[====================================================>] 790,284      339KB/s   in 2.3s   

2021-03-17 12:16:51 (339 KB/s) - ‘nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm’ saved [790284/790284]

#安装rpm安装包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm 
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:nginx-1:1.18.0-1.el7.ngx         #################################[100%]


Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* http://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* http://nginx.org/en/support.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* http://nginx.com/products/

#验证nginx是否安装成功
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

#卸载

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e nginx (软件包名称)
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
-bash: /usr/sbin/nginx: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]#

#查看系统当中安装了哪些rpm软件包
rpm -qa

#查看系统当中是否安装了某个rpm软件包
rpm -q
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q nginx（软件包名）
nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q safsdgsfdgfd
package safsdgsfdgfd is not installed

#显示已经安装过的rpm包详细信息。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi nginx
Name : nginx
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.18.0
Release : 1.el7.ngx
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 17 Mar 2021 04:18:55 PM CST
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 2830028
License : 2-clause BSD-like license
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:19:18 PM CST, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62
Source RPM : nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm
Build Date : Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:07:33 PM CST
Build Host : ip-10-1-17-101.eu-central-1.compute.internal
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor : Nginx, Inc.
URL : http://nginx.org/
Summary : High performance web server
Description :
nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
a mail proxy server.

#查看安装包的内容
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -ql nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/modules
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
/usr/lib64/nginx
/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload
/usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade
/usr/sbin/nginx
/usr/sbin/nginx-debug
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.18.0
/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.18.0/COPYRIGHT
/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz
/usr/share/nginx
/usr/share/nginx/html
/usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/var/cache/nginx
/var/log/nginx

#查看配置信息
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -qc nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/koi-utf
/etc/nginx/koi-win
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params
/etc/nginx/win-utf
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug

#查看文件帮助信息
[root@localhost nginx]# rpm -qd zlib
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/zlib-1.2.7/README

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64

#用 -p 可以查看未安装软件包的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qip nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Name : nginx
Epoch : 1
Version : 1.18.0
Release : 1.el7.ngx
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 2830028
License : 2-clause BSD-like license
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:19:18 PM CST, Key ID abf5bd827bd9bf62
Source RPM : nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.src.rpm
Build Date : Tue 21 Apr 2020 11:07:33 PM CST
Build Host : ip-10-1-17-101.eu-central-1.compute.internal
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor : Nginx, Inc.
URL : http://nginx.org/
Summary : High performance web server
Description :
nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
a mail proxy server.

#升级软件包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
warning: nginx-1.18.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:nginx-1:1.18.0-1.el7.ngx ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing…
2:nginx-1:1.14.0-1.el7_4.ngx ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

#强制删除软件包–nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e zlib --nodeps

yum

yum是CentOS的软件包管理工具，自动为我们解决软件依赖问题。yum包管理工具必须使用yum源指定软件下载地址去下载需要安装的软件包。配置的路径是：/etc/yum.repos.d

#清空本机所有的yum源
[root@www yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

yum源的执行原理
1、需要在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下配置yum源地址
2、清空缓存建立新的缓存
3、安装软件（自动解决依赖关系）

yum常用的基础命令
#查看当前系统的yum源列表
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum repolist

yum repolist all # 查看系统中所有的yum仓库
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all

#yum清空缓存
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

#建立yum缓存
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

#yum安装
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum install 软件包名称 -y（免交互安装）

#卸载软件（直接将软件的依赖包一起删除）
yum remove 软件包名称

#查看当前系统需要更新软件
yum check-update

#更新所有的需要更新的软件
yum update

#重装软件
yum reinstall (软件包名称)

#搜索软件包
[root@www httpd]# yum search （软件包名称）

#查看yum执行历史
[root@www httpd]# yum history info (历史ID号)
[root@www httpd]# yum history undo (历史ID号)

#启用repo仓库
yum install yum-utils -y

启用一个yum仓库：yum-config-manager --enable (仓库名称)
关闭一个yum仓库：yum-config-manager --disable (仓库名称)

#查看一个仓库中的软件包列表
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum list

#查看软件包组
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum grouplist

#安装软件包组
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum groupinstall “Development Tools”

建立本地仓库
克隆两台主机

yum仓库主机
	外网地址：192.168.15.30
	内网地址：172.16.1.30

yum测试主机
	外网地址：192.168.15.31
	内网地址：172.16.1.31

修改的命令：
	vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
	vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
	
	重启网卡：systemctl restart network
	
	修改主机名：
		yum仓库主机：hostnamectl set-hostname warehouse
		yum测试主机：hostnamectl set-hostname yum-test

2、配置yum仓库

1、需要有一个软件包目录，存放软件包的
[root@warehouse ~]# mkdir /backup
	
	1.1、缓存yum安装下载的软件包
	[root@warehouse 7]# vim /etc/yum.conf
	[main]
    cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
    keepcache=1
    [root@warehouse ~]# yum install mariadb -y
	
	1.2、将缓存的软件包复制到yum仓库目录
	[root@warehouse ~]# cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/
	[root@warehouse packages]# cp -rp ./* /backup/
    [root@warehouse packages]# cd /backup/
    [root@warehouse backup]# ll
    total 8964
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9175948 Oct 15 02:55 mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
	
2、建立软件包依赖关系
	[root@warehouse backup]# yum install createrepo -y
	[root@warehouse backup]# createrepo /backup/
    Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
    Spawning worker 1 with 0 pkgs
    Workers Finished
    Saving Primary metadata
    Saving file lists metadata
    Saving other metadata
    Generating sqlite DBs
    Sqlite DBs complete
    [root@warehouse backup]# ll
    total 8968
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9175948 Oct 15 02:55 mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Mar 18 08:54 repodata
    [root@warehouse backup]# ll repodata/
    total 28
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1970 Mar 18 08:54 5d54624b2aa7a1fe974ff5553a9a78289683189c6a7b60c8c1421ecf011d270f-other.sqlite.bz2
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3449 Mar 18 08:54 5e68ee34f7e8f1a11a039f55c990bcc044f16bceb6af7f4486b55d518ad91346-primary.sqlite.bz2
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  539 Mar 18 08:54 6e94b0fa1d98955542fb8238348ea171be7a130ba97573eb3ac756e1aadcec50-filelists.xml.gz
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1291 Mar 18 08:54 a9afb0b2457f41f5c2d64744a07d5d12599e6c2588c870ae73568cf345a0abca-other.xml.gz
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1333 Mar 18 08:54 cf41627875b17ef4bea5f0ea566ac63a5c83adc606d3ca730a74944ceb969028-primary.xml.gz
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1158 Mar 18 08:54 f34cbfd9e5608e8402041e98100f853e913f3df04d6946874c73ba31a78969ba-filelists.sqlite.bz2
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2969 Mar 18 08:54 repomd.xml
    [root@warehouse backup]#

测试连接（本地版）

1、备份系统所有的yum源
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup1
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo backup1
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[local]
name="This is xxx"
baseurl=file:///backup
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

# 清理yum缓存
[root@warehouse ~]# yum clean all
[root@warehouse ~]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*

# 生成新的yum缓存
[root@warehouse ~]# yum makecache

# 测试连接
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rpm -e mariadb
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql mariadb
package mariadb is not installed
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# yum install mariadb

测试连接（远程版）

1、备份系统所有的yum源
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mkdir local
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo local

2、安装远程访问软件
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mv backup1/*  .
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# yum install vsftpd -y
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable --now vsftpd 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.

3、配置系统yum仓库
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# cd /var/ftp
[root@warehouse ftp]# mkdir yum_warehouse

4、将软件包复制到yum仓库目录
[root@warehouse ftp]# cp -rp /backup/* /var/ftp/yum_warehouse/
[root@warehouse ftp]# ll yum_warehouse/
total 8968
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9175948 Oct 15 02:55 mariadb-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    4096 Mar 18 08:54 repodata

5、建立yum软件包依赖关系
[root@warehouse ftp]# createrepo /var/ftp/yum_warehouse/


#########################  yum测试机器上执行  ###################################
1、本机测试网络连接
    1、备份系统所有的yum源
    [root@warehouse ftp]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo backup1
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo 
    [local-ftp]
    name="This is ftp server"
    baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.30/yum_warehouse
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1

    # 清理yum缓存
    [root@warehouse ~]# yum clean all
    [root@warehouse ~]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*

    # 生成新的yum缓存
    [root@warehouse ~]# yum makecache

    # 测试连接
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rpm -e mariadb
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql mariadb
    package mariadb is not installed
    [root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# yum install mariadb

2、yum测试机器执行
	1、备份yum仓库内容
	[root@yum-test ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# mkdir backup1
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo backup1
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# ll
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 187 Mar  4 09:55 backup
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 220 Mar 18 09:20 backup1
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# 
    
    2、编写本地yum源配置文件
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# cat local.repo 
    [loacl-ftp-30]
    name="This is 30 ftp server"
    baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.30/yum_warehouse
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1
    
    3、清理yum缓存
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*
    
    4、生成yum缓存
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
    
    5、测试安装
    [root@yum-test yum.repos.d]# yum install mariadb

同步远程yum源到本机

1、安装华为云镜像仓库
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-reg.repo

2、生成yum缓存
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/*
[root@warehouse yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

3、同步华为云镜像站软件包到本地yum仓库
[root@warehouse ftp]# yum install yum-utils -y
[root@warehouse ftp]# reposync -r (仓库名称：yum repolist)

4、建立依赖关系
[root@warehouse ftp]# createrepo base

5、测试
    [loacl-ftp-30]
    name="This is 30 ftp server"
    baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.30/base
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1

将网络yum源同步到本地源供其他机器安装（精简版）

一、保证机器可以联网
二、在本地仓库机器上按照如下步骤操作
vim /etc/yum.conf
将下图的0改为1（默认为0，意为安装成功后立即删除安装包）
在这里插入图片描述

1、在命令行中输入：
yum install createrepo  vsftpd  wget  -y     #这三个软件下面要用到，没有请自行安装
2、安装成功后: 输入：systemctl  enable  --now  vsftpd    #立即启用ftp
3、rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*       #删除本地源
4、wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/conf/CentOS-7-reg.repo       #将华为源同步到本地（也可采用其他源，阿里云、163自行更改）
5、cd   /var/ftp    #此处一定要切换目录
6、yum  install yum-utils -y     
7、reposync  -r  (仓库名称，不知道的可以用yum repolist查看)       #将网络仓库保存到本地
8、同步好以后输入：createrepo   base      #建立依赖关系
9、输入vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo将以下内容粘贴即可：
 [loacl-ftp-30]              #仓库名，可自定义
 name="This is 30 ftp server"       #描述信息
 baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.30（自己的内网地址或外网地址）/base     #yum源地址
 gpgcheck=0      #0不检查秘钥，1为检查秘钥
 enabled=1        #1为启用，0为不启用

在远程测试机上输入：

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
输入vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo将以下内容粘贴即可：
 [loacl-ftp-30]              #仓库名，可自定义
 name="This is 30 ftp server"       #描述信息
 baseurl=ftp://172.16.1.30（与本地仓库机的配置文件地址相同即可）/base     #yum源地址
 gpgcheck=0      #0不检查秘钥，1为检查秘钥
 enabled=1        #1为启用，0为不启用


#测试环境
yum clean all     #清除缓存
yum makecache	  #生成新缓存
yum install zsh   #安装zsh软件
yum repolist      #查看本地下载源仓库，此时应该只有一个ftp源

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