深入剖析Springboot启动原理的底层源码

转自于:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43570367/article/details/104960677

文章目录

一、入口类及其源码剖析

入口类

@SpringBootApplication
public class DevServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DevServiceApplication.class,args);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
首先从注解入手,进行分析:

@SpringBootApplication 注解

Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用

源码剖析

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

从源码可以看出,这个注解是@SpringBootConfiguration,@EnableAutoConfiguration以及@ComponentScan这三个注解的组合

① @SpringBootConfiguration

Spring Boot的配置类;标注在某个类上,表示一个类提供了Spring Boot应用程序

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {

@Configuration:配置类上来标注这个注解;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {

注意

配置类相当于配置文件;配置类也是容器中的一个组件,它使用了@Component这个注解。

② @EnableAutoConfiguration

告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能,这样自动配置才能生效
借助@import,扫描并实例化满足条件的自动配置的bean,然后加载到IOC容器中

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}

@AutoConfigurationPackage:自动配置包
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):给容器中导入组件

在这里插入图片描述

使用@EnableAutoConfiguration
这个注解开启自动扫描,然后使用select选择挑选满足条件的文件,并且使用SpringFactoriesLoader进行实例化。最后加载到IOC容器里面,即ApplicationContext中。

③ @ComponentScan

@ComponentScan就是自动扫描并加载符合条件的组件(比如@Component和@Repository等)或者bean定义,最终将这些bean定义加载到IOC容器中去 。

二、实例化SpringApplication对象的源码剖析

源码剖析

/**
 * Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
 * beans from the specified primary sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
 * documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
 * {@link #run(String...)}.
 * @param resourceLoader the resource loader to use
 * @param primarySources the primary bean sources
 * @see #run(Class, String[])
 * @see #setSources(Set)
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
	// 初始化资源加载器
	this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
	// 资源加载类不能为 null
	Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
	// 初始化加载资源类集合并去重
	this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
	// 推断应用程序是不是web应用
	this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
	// 设置初始化器(Initializer)
	setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
	// 设置监听器 
	setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
	// 推断出主应用入口类
	this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

其中,在推断应用程序是不是web应用的时候调用了deduceFromClasspath() 方法

源码剖析

static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
		if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null) && !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
				&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)) {
			// springboot2.0提出的响应式web应用	
			return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
		}
		for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
			// 如果两个包路径都没有的话,就是普通应用
			if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
				// 普通的应用
				return WebApplicationType.NONE;
			}
		}
		// 其实最后返回的就是这个servlet,因为是web应用
		return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
	}

1. 设置初始化器(Initializer)

initializers 是 SpringApplication 中的一个实例属性

源码剖析

/**
 * Sets the {@link ApplicationContextInitializer} that will be applied to the Spring
 * {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param initializers the initializers to set
 */
public void setInitializers(Collection<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers) {
	this.initializers = new ArrayList<>(initializers);
}

initailizer实现了ApplicationContextInitializer接口

源码剖析

总结:

  • ApplicationContextInitializer接口的作用,在Spring上下文被刷新之前进行初始化的操作。典型地比如在Web应用中,注册Property Sources或者是激活Profiles。Property Sources比较好理解,就是配置文件。Profiles是Spring为了在不同环境下(如DEV,TEST,PRODUCTION等),加载不同的配置项而抽象出来的一个实体。
  • 调用initialize()方法,把初始化的ApplicationContextInitializer实现加载到SpringApplication中

通过getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class)方法获得实现类

源码剖析

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
	return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
	ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
	// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
	// 使用 Set保存names
	Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
	// 根据names进行实例化
	List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
	// 对实例进行排序
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
	return instances;
}

2. 设置监听器

源码剖析

/**
 * Sets the {@link ApplicationListener}s that will be applied to the SpringApplication
 * and registered with the {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param listeners the listeners to set
 */
public void setListeners(Collection<? extends ApplicationListener<?>> listeners) {
	this.listeners = new ArrayList<>(listeners);
}

继承了ApplicationListener()接口

源码剖析

/**
 * Interface to be implemented by application event listeners.
 *
 * <p>Based on the standard {@code java.util.EventListener} interface
 * for the Observer design pattern.
 *
 * <p>As of Spring 3.0, an {@code ApplicationListener} can generically declare
 * the event type that it is interested in. When registered with a Spring
 * {@code ApplicationContext}, events will be filtered accordingly, with the
 * listener getting invoked for matching event objects only.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @param <E> the specific {@code ApplicationEvent} subclass to listen to
 * @see org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent
 * @see org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationEventMulticaster
 * @see org.springframework.context.event.EventListener
 */
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener {

	/**
	 * Handle an application event.
	 * @param event the event to respond to
	 */
	void onApplicationEvent(E event);

}

总结

在这里使用到了观察者模式,有一个被观察者和许多观察者,当被观察者的状态发生改变时,要通知所有的观察者做一些操作。

3. 推断主应用入口类

源码剖析

private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
	try {
		// 构造一个异常类
		StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
		for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
			// 通过main的栈帧推断出入口类的名字
			if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
				return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
			}
		}
	}
	catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
		// Swallow and continue
	}
	return null;
}

三、run() 方法源码剖析

源码剖析

/**
 * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
 * {@link ApplicationContext}.
 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
 * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
 */
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
	// 记时器,统计应用启动的时间
	StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
	stopWatch.start();
	// 初始化应用上下文和异常报告集合
	ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
	// SpringBootExceptionReporter 是异常处理器,启动的时候通过它把异常信息展示出来
	Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
	 // 设置系统属性java.awt.headless的值,默认为true
	configureHeadlessProperty();
	// 监听器,SpringApplicationRunListeners实际上是一个集合
	SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
	// 回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法
	listeners.starting();
	try {
		// 初始化默认参数
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
		// 准备 Spring 环境
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
		// 创建环境完成后回调,配置bean
		configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
		// 打印器,springboot启动的时候会打印springboot的标志以及对应的版本
		Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
		// 创建Spring应用上下文,来决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc
		context = createApplicationContext();
		// 实例化异常报告器
		exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
				new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
		//准备上下文环境
        // Spring上下文前置处理
		prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
		// prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded();
		// Spring上下文刷新,表示刷新完成,进行后续的一些操作
		refreshContext(context);
        // Spring上下文后置处理
		afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
		// 停止计时器
		stopWatch.stop();
		// 输出日志记录的类名、时间信息
		if (this.logStartupInfo) {
			new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
		}
		// 发布应用上下文启动完成事件
		listeners.started(context);
		// 执行所有 Runner 运行器
		callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}

	try {
		// 发布应用上下文就绪事件
		listeners.running(context);
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}
	// 返回应用上下文
	return context;
}

1. 开启计时器

开启计时器,用来统计应用启动的时间

public void start() throws IllegalStateException {
		// 传入一个空字符串作为当前任务的名称
        this.start("");
    }

    public void start(String taskName) throws IllegalStateException {
        if (this.currentTaskName != null) {
        	// 如果当前任务名字不为空,抛出异常
            throw new IllegalStateException("Can't start StopWatch: it's already running");
        } else {
        	// 否则,记录当前任务的开始时间
            this.currentTaskName = taskName;
            this.startTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
        }
    }
  • 首先,传入一个空字符串作为当前任务的名称
  • 其次,判断当前任务名是否空,如果为空,则记录当前应用启动的开始时间

2. 设置系统属性的值

系统属性的值默认是true,系统属性的值来源于System.getProperty()。

private void configureHeadlessProperty() {
		System.setProperty(SYSTEM_PROPERTY_JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS,
				System.getProperty(SYSTEM_PROPERTY_JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS, Boolean.toString(this.headless)));
	}

3. 监听器

private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
		// 类加载对应的监听器
		Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
		// 创建SpringApplicationRunListener实例
		return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger,
				getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
	}

4. 初始化默认参数

ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);

5.创建 Spring 环境

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
    // 获取环境。如果存在就直接返回,否则先创建一个再返回
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = getOrCreateEnvironment();
    // 配置环境
    configureEnvironment(environment, applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
    // 准备监听器环境
    listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
    // 将环境绑定到SpringApplication上面
    bindToSpringApplication(environment);
    // 如果不是web应用环境,将环境转换成StandardEnvironment
    if (this.webApplicationType == WebApplicationType.NONE) {
        environment = new EnvironmentConverter(getClassLoader())
                .convertToStandardEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment);
    }
    ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
    // 返回环境
    return environment;
}

总结

  • 获取环境。如果存在就直接返回,否则先创建一个再返回
  • 配置环境
  • 准备监听器环境
  • 将环境绑定到SpringApplication上面
  • 如果不是web应用环境,将环境转换成StandardEnvironment
  • 最后返回环境

6. 打印器

springboot启动的时候会打印springboot的标志以及对应的版本

private Banner printBanner(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
		if (this.bannerMode == Banner.Mode.OFF) {
			return null;
		}
		ResourceLoader resourceLoader = (this.resourceLoader != null) ? this.resourceLoader
				: new DefaultResourceLoader(getClassLoader());
		SpringApplicationBannerPrinter bannerPrinter = new SpringApplicationBannerPrinter(resourceLoader, this.banner);
		if (this.bannerMode == Mode.LOG) {
			return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, logger);
		}
		return bannerPrinter.print(environment, this.mainApplicationClass, System.out);
	}

7. 创建Spring应用上下文

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
	// 首先进行判断有没有指定的实现类
	Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
	// 如果没有,则根据应用类型选择
	if (contextClass == null) {
		try {
			// 根据webApplicationType的类型去反射创建ConfigurableApplicationContext的具体实例
			switch (this.webApplicationType) {
			case SERVLET:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			case REACTIVE:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			default:
				contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
			}
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Unable create a default ApplicationContext, please specify an ApplicationContextClass", ex);
		}
	}
	// 通过反射,得到创建的对象
	return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

总结

  • 首先进行判断有没有指定的实现类; 如果没有,则根据应用类型选择;
  • 根据webApplicationType的类型去反射创建ConfigurableApplicationContext的具体实例;
  • 最后通过反射,得到创建的对象

对于Web应用,上下文类型是DEFAULT_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS。

8. 实例化异常报告器

用 getSpringFactoriesInstances() 方法,获取配置的异常类名称,并实例化所有的异常类。

源码剖析

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
	ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
	// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
	// 使用名称并确保唯一,以防止重复
	Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
	List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
	return instances;
}

9. Spring上下文前置处理

源码剖析

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
			SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
	// 给IOC容器设置一些环境属性
	context.setEnvironment(environment);
	// 给IOC容器注册一些组件
	postProcessApplicationContext(context);
	// 调用初始化方法
	applyInitializers(context);
	// 监听器,触发contextPrepared 事件
	listeners.contextPrepared(context);
	// 记录启动过程中的日志
	if (this.logStartupInfo) {
		logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
		logStartupProfileInfo(context);
	}
	// Add boot specific singleton beans
	// 添加特定的单例beans
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
	beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
	if (printedBanner != null) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
	}
	if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
		((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
				.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
	}
	if (this.lazyInitialization) {
		context.addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(new LazyInitializationBeanFactoryPostProcessor());
	}
	// Load the sources
	// 加载所有资源
	Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
	Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
	// 加载启动类,将启动类注入到容器中去
	load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
	// 触发contextLoaded 事件
	listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}

10. Spring上下文刷新

刷新完成以后,会进行后续的一些操作

源码剖析

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
	// 调用父类的refresh操作
	refresh(context);
	if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
		try {
			// 注册一个关闭容器时的钩子函数,在JVM关机的时候关闭这个上下文。
			context.registerShutdownHook();
		}
		catch (AccessControlException ex) {
			// Not allowed in some environments.
		}
	}
}

调用了registerShutdownHook()方法

/**
 * Register a shutdown hook {@linkplain Thread#getName() named}
 * {@code SpringContextShutdownHook} with the JVM runtime, closing this
 * context on JVM shutdown unless it has already been closed at that time.
 * <p>Delegates to {@code doClose()} for the actual closing procedure.
 * @see Runtime#addShutdownHook
 * @see ConfigurableApplicationContext#SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME
 * @see #close()
 * @see #doClose()
 */
@Override
public void registerShutdownHook() {
	if (this.shutdownHook == null) {
		// No shutdown hook registered yet.
		this.shutdownHook = new Thread(SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME) {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				synchronized (startupShutdownMonitor) {
					// 调用doClose方法,进行容器销毁时的清理工作
					doClose();
				}
			}
		};
		Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook);
	}
}

11. Spring上下文后置处理

在Spring容器刷新上下文后进行调用,依次调用注册的Runners。

/**
 * Called after the context has been refreshed.
 * @param context the application context
 * @param args the application arguments
 */
protected void afterRefresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
}

private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
	List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
	// CommandLineRunner、ApplicationRunner 这两个接口,是在容器启动成功后的最后一步进行回调
	for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
		if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
			callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
		}
		if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
			callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
		}
	}
}

CommandLineRunner、ApplicationRunner 这两个接口,是在容器启动成功后的最后一步进行回调

12. 停止计时器

做计时监听器停止操作,并统计一些任务执行信息

public void stop() throws IllegalStateException {
    if (this.currentTaskName == null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Can't stop StopWatch: it's not running");
    } else {
        long lastTime = System.nanoTime() - this.startTimeNanos;
        this.totalTimeNanos += lastTime;
        this.lastTaskInfo = new StopWatch.TaskInfo(this.currentTaskName, lastTime);
        if (this.keepTaskList) {
            this.taskList.add(this.lastTaskInfo);
        }

        ++this.taskCount;
        this.currentTaskName = null;
    }
}

13. 发布Spring上下文启动完成事件

void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
	for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
		listener.started(context);
	}
}

14. 执行所有 Runner 运行器

private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) {
	List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
	for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
		if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
			callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
		}
		if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
			callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
		}
	}
}

15. 发布Spring上下文就绪事件

void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
	for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners) {
		listener.running(context);
	}
}

触发所有 SpringApplicationRunListener 监听器的 running 事件的方法。

在原博主的基础上补充了些自己认为相对于重要的步骤,水平有限,勿喷。重在分享互相进步!

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转载自blog.csdn.net/zw764987243/article/details/112787360