轻松搭建DHCP服务器

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)动态主机配置协议

DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol),动态主机配置协议，是一个应用层协议。当我们将客户主机ip地址设置为动态获取方式时，DHCP服务器就会根据DHCP协议给客户端分配IP，使得客户机能够利用这个IP上网。
DHCP的前身是BOOTP协议（Bootstrap Protocol）,BOOTP被创建出来为连接到网络中的设备自动分配地址，后来被DHCP取代了，DHCP比BOOTP更加复杂，功能更强大。

DHCP的实现

这里写图片描述

第一步：Client端在局域网内发起一个DHCP　Discover包，目的是想发现能够给它提供IP的DHCP Server。
第二步：可用的DHCP Server接收到Discover包之后，通过发送DHCP Offer包给予Client端应答，意在告诉Client端它可以提供IP地址。
第三步：Client端接收到Offer包之后，发送DHCP Request包请求分配IP。
第四步：DHCP Server发送ACK数据包，确认信息

一、DHCP服务的配置

安装好yum源
在yum源中查找并安装DHCP服务

[root@foundation79 ~]# yum search dhcp

Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
              : manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
============================== N/S matched: dhcp ===============================
dhcp-common.x86_64 : Common files used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhcp-libs.i686 : Shared libraries used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhcp-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhclient.x86_64 : Provides the ISC DHCP client daemon and dhclient-script
dhcp.x86_64 : Dynamic host configuration protocol software
dnsmasq.x86_64 : A lightweight DHCP/caching DNS server
  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

yum 源安装dhcp:

[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp.x86_64 -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=======================================================================================================================
 Package                Arch                     Version                              Repository                  Size
=======================================================================================================================
Installing:
 dhcp                   x86_64                   12:4.2.5-27.el7                      rhel_dvd                   506 k
Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 506 k
Installed size: 1.4 M
Downloading packages:
dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                    | 506 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1 
  Verifying  : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64                                                                         1/1 

Installed:
  dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7                                                                                          

Complete!

2.更改DHCP配置文件

因为每台主机需要DHCp分配的IP范围和DNS不同，所以这些都需要用户在配置文件中进行添加。

[root@foundation79 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y

[root@foundation79 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

7 option domain-name “example.com”;
8 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
…
27 subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
28 range 172.25.254.188 172.25.254.189;
29 option routers 1；
30 }

3.启动DHCP程序

[root@foundation79 ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@foundation79 ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
重启网络：
[root@foundation79 ~]# systemctl restart network

重置server进行检测：

[root@foundation79 ~]# rht-vmctl reset server 
Are you sure you want to reset server? (y/n) y
Resetting server.
Powering off server..
Creating virtual machine disk overlay for rh124-server-vda
Creating virtual machine disk overlay for rh124-server-vdb
Starting server.

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.25.254.188  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255
        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:4f0b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 52:54:00:00:4f:0b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 50  bytes 8215 (8.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 306  bytes 23261 (22.7 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

查看dhcp租约文件中的租约记录

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-4.2.5

server-duid "\000\001\000\001\"\226D\255RT\000\000O\012";

lease 172.25.254.188 {
  starts 2 2018/05/22 03:02:42;
  ends 2 2018/05/22 03:12:42;
  cltt 2 2018/05/22 03:02:42;
  binding state active;
  next binding state free;
  rewind binding state free;
  hardware ethernet  52:54:00:00:4f:0b;   #分配出的网卡地址与剩余ip
}