一、概述
vim是vi的升级工具,兼容vi的命令。vi适用于文本编辑,vim更适用于coding,包括代码颜色高亮。
二、安装:
sudo apt-get install vim
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
vim-runtime
Suggested packages:
ctags vim-doc vim-scripts vim-gnome-py2 | vim-gtk-py2 | vim-gtk3-py2
| vim-athena-py2 | vim-nox-py2
The following NEW packages will be installed:
vim vim-runtime
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 468 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,214 kB of archives.
After this operation, 30.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3 [5,179 kB]
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3 [5,179 kB]
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3 [5,179 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3 [1,036 kB]
Fetched 3,353 kB in 51min 18s (1,089 B/s)
Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
(Reading database ... 248787 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3_all.deb ...
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/help.txt to /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/help.txt.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/tags to /usr/share/vim/vim74/doc/tags.vim-tiny by vim-runtime'
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim.
Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3) ...
Setting up vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.3) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
三、vim操作
vim编辑文件:
vim 文件名
vim有3个模式:
- 命令模式:打开文件的默认模式,输入命令移动光标、删除字符等。
- 插入模式:可以输入字符,编辑文本。在命令模式下,按“ i ”进入插入模式;按一次ESC将回到命令模式。
- 末行模式:可保存文件、退出vi、设置vi、查找等。在命令模式下,按 " : "即进入末行模式,执行完操作自动回到命令模式;或者按两次ESC回到命令模式。
常用命令模式操作:
h #左移动光标
j #下
k #上
l #右
ctrl+b #向上滚动一屏
ctrl+f #向下滚动一屏
ctrl+e #上滚一行
ctrl+y #下滚一行
/word_to_search 从光标向下搜索word
?word_to_search 从光标向上搜索word
n 重复前一个搜索动作
N 反向重复前一个搜索动作
常用插入模式:
i 当前光标位置处插入
a 当前光标的下一个位置处插入
o 当前光标的下一行处重建一行开始插入
r 当前光标位置处替换一次
R 当前光标位置处持续替换,直至ESC退出
常用末行模式操作:
:q! #退出但不保存
:wq #保存、退出
:w #保存
详细可参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/SmileHang/p/8650301.html
更多操作可参见:https://blog.csdn.net/lvdepeng123/article/details/79669874
四、进阶命令
查找替换:
: {作用范围}s/{目标}/{替换}/{替换标志}
作用范围:
- 如省略表示当前行内
- %-全局
- .,+5 表示当前行及其后的5行范围内
- 13,20 表示13行~20行
替换标志(下述替换标志可以综合使用):
- 如省略表示只替换第一次出现的位置
- g表示全部替换
- c表示需要用户确认是否替换
- i表示大小写不敏感查找,I 表示大小写敏感查找
:s/world_to_be_replaced/new_world/c //查找替换
复制粘贴:
命令模式下:
yy: 复制光标所在行
p:在光标储粘贴