【Linux 编程基础】makefile的综合应用-实例

问题

1

模拟一个自动寻路机器人。

假设有一个10*10的网格地图,最左上角的坐标为(0,0),最右下角为(9,9),在左上角(0,0)坐标处生成机器人,机器人只有两个动作:向下走down()和向右走right()。每次随机生成一个终点(h,w),打印机器人从(0,0)走到(h,w)的路线(自己决定机器人的行走路线)。

例如:

随机生成的终点是(2,3)

输出(0,0),(0,1),(0,2),(0,3),(1,3),(2,3)

要求:

1)向右走写成一个函数放在right.c文件里,向下走写成一个函数放在down.c文件里,决定机器人下一步怎么走写成一个函数放在step.c文件里,打印最后结果写成main函数放在main.c文件里。

2)写一个makefile文件编译上面的程序(不写makefile为0分)。

main.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "step.h"
#include "types.h"

const int MAX_COORD = 10;

void walk(const struct coord _Src, const struct coord _Dest) {
    
    
	struct coord c = _Src;
	do {
    
    
		printf("(%d, %d)\n", c.x, c.y);
	} while (nextstep(&c, &_Dest) == FALSE);
}

int main() {
    
    
	srand(time(NULL));
	struct coord s = {
    
     0, 0 };
	struct coord d = {
    
     rand() % MAX_COORD, rand() % MAX_COORD };
	printf("Source: (%d, %d)\n", s.x, s.y);
	printf("Destination: (%d, %d)\n", d.x, d.y);
	walk(s, d);
	return 0;
}

types.h

#pragma once

#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1

struct coord {
    
    
    int x, y;
};

right.h
right.c

#pragma once

#include "types.h"

void right(struct coord* const CurrentPos);
#include "right.h"

void right(struct coord* const CurrentPos) {
    
    
    ++CurrentPos->x;
}

down.h
down.c

#pragma once

#include "types.h"

void down(struct coord* const CurrentPos);
#include "down.h"

void down(struct coord* const CurrentPos) {
    
    
    ++CurrentPos->y;
}

step.h
step.c

#pragma once

#include "types.h"

int nextstep(struct coord* const CurrentPos, const struct coord* const Dest);
#include "down.h"
#include "right.h"
#include "step.h"

int nextstep(struct coord* const CurrentPos, const struct coord* const Dest) {
    
    
    if (CurrentPos->x < Dest->x) {
    
     right(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
    else if (CurrentPos->y < Dest->y) {
    
     down(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
    else return TRUE;
}

Makefile

main: main.o right.o down.o step.o

main.o: main.c step.h types.h
	cc -c main.c

right.o: right.c right.h
	cc -c right.c

down.o: down.c down.h
	cc -c down.c

step.o: step.c down.h right.h
	cc -c step.c

clean:
	rm main main.o right.o down.o step.o

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

问题

2

修改第一题,现在机器人随机生成在(x,y)坐标处(与终点可以重合),并且该机器人增加了两个动作:向左走left()和向上走up()。

能否写一个makefile,不修改就可以编译第1题和第2题?

要求:

1)向左走写成一个函数放在left.c文件里,向上走写成一个函数放在up.c文件里

以下仅列出需要修改的文件。

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "step.h"
#include "types.h"

const int MAX_COORD = 10;

void walk(const struct coord _Src, const struct coord _Dest) {
    
    
	struct coord c = _Src;
	do {
    
    
		printf("(%d, %d)\n", c.x, c.y);
	} while (nextstep(&c, &_Dest) == FALSE);
}

int main() {
    
    
	srand(time(NULL));
	struct coord s = {
    
     rand() % MAX_COORD, rand() % MAX_COORD };
	struct coord d = {
    
     rand() % MAX_COORD, rand() % MAX_COORD };
	printf("Source: (%d, %d)\n", s.x, s.y);
	printf("Destination: (%d, %d)\n", d.x, d.y);
	walk(s, d);
	return 0;
}

step.c

#include "up.h"
#include "left.h"
#include "down.h"
#include "right.h"
#include "step.h"

int nextstep(struct coord* const CurrentPos, const struct coord* const Dest) {
    
    
    if (CurrentPos->x > Dest->x) {
    
     left(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
	else if (CurrentPos->x < Dest->x) {
    
     right(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
	else if (CurrentPos->y > Dest->y) {
    
     up(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
    else if (CurrentPos->y < Dest->y) {
    
     down(CurrentPos); return FALSE; }
    else return TRUE;
}

left.h
left.c

#pragma once

#include "types.h"

void left(struct coord* const CurrentPos);
#include "left.h"

void left(struct coord* const CurrentPos) {
    
    
	--CurrentPos->x;
}

up.h
up.c

#pragma once

#include "types.h"

void up(struct coord* const CurrentPos);
#include "up.h"

void up(struct coord* const CurrentPos) {
    
    
	--CurrentPos->y;
}

若要求用单一的makefile编译第1题和第2题,则要将如下的makefile分别放入第1题和第2题的各个头文件与源文件所在的目录下,然后传入不同的target参数编译并链接指定的文件。

exp2-2: main.o right.o down.o up.o left.o step.o
	cc -o main $(intermediates-exp2-2)
exp2-1: main.o right.o down.o step.o
	cc -o main $(intermediates-exp2-1)

intermediates-exp2-2 = main.o right.o down.o up.o left.o step.o
intermediates-exp2-1 = main.o right.o down.o step.o

main.o: main.c step.h types.h
	cc -c main.c

right.o: right.c right.h
	cc -c right.c

down.o: down.c down.h
	cc -c down.c

up.o: up.c up.h
	cc -c up.c

left.o: left.c left.h
	cc -c left.c

step.o: step.c down.h right.h
	cc -c step.c

clean-exp2-2:
	rm main $(intermediates-exp2-2)
clean-exp2-1:
	rm main $(intermediates-exp2-1)

运行结果
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

参考资料

https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Introduction.html

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转载自blog.csdn.net/COFACTOR/article/details/115536827