文章目录
1.通过RequestContextHolder的静态方法可以随时随地取到当前请求的request对象
该类可以用于获得客户端请求的上下文
RequestContextHolder源码：
Holder class to expose the web request in the form of a thread-bound RequestAttributes object. The request will be inherited by any child threads spawned by the current thread if the inheritable flag is set to true.
Use RequestContextListener or org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter to expose the current web request. Note that org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet already exposes the current request by default.
package org.springframework.web.context.request;
翻译：
Holder类以线程绑定的RequestAttributes对象的形式公开web请求。如果可继承标志设置为true，该请求将被当前线程的所有子线程继承。
使用RequestContextListener或org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter来暴露当前的web请求。注意，org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet已经默认暴露了当前请求。
源码：
//
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
import org.springframework.core.NamedInheritableThreadLocal;
import org.springframework.core.NamedThreadLocal;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
public abstract class RequestContextHolder {
private static final boolean jsfPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.faces.context.FacesContext", RequestContextHolder.class.getClassLoader());
private static final ThreadLocal<RequestAttributes> requestAttributesHolder = new NamedThreadLocal("Request attributes");
private static final ThreadLocal<RequestAttributes> inheritableRequestAttributesHolder = new NamedInheritableThreadLocal("Request context");
public RequestContextHolder() {
}
public static void resetRequestAttributes() {
requestAttributesHolder.remove();
inheritableRequestAttributesHolder.remove();
}
public static void setRequestAttributes(@Nullable RequestAttributes attributes) {
setRequestAttributes(attributes, false);
}
public static void setRequestAttributes(@Nullable RequestAttributes attributes, boolean inheritable) {
if (attributes == null) {
resetRequestAttributes();
} else if (inheritable) {
inheritableRequestAttributesHolder.set(attributes);
requestAttributesHolder.remove();
} else {
requestAttributesHolder.set(attributes);
inheritableRequestAttributesHolder.remove();
}
}
@Nullable
public static RequestAttributes getRequestAttributes() {
RequestAttributes attributes = (RequestAttributes)requestAttributesHolder.get();
if (attributes == null) {
attributes = (RequestAttributes)inheritableRequestAttributesHolder.get();
}
return attributes;
}
public static RequestAttributes currentRequestAttributes() throws IllegalStateException {
RequestAttributes attributes = getRequestAttributes();
if (attributes == null) {
if (jsfPresent) {
attributes = RequestContextHolder.FacesRequestAttributesFactory.getFacesRequestAttributes();
}
if (attributes == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No thread-bound request found: Are you referring to request attributes outside of an actual web request, or processing a request outside of the originally receiving thread? If you are actually operating within a web request and still receive this message, your code is probably running outside of DispatcherServlet: In this case, use RequestContextListener or RequestContextFilter to expose the current request.");
}
}
return attributes;
}
private static class FacesRequestAttributesFactory {
private FacesRequestAttributesFactory() {
}
@Nullable
public static RequestAttributes getFacesRequestAttributes() {
FacesContext facesContext = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
return facesContext != null ? new FacesRequestAttributes(facesContext) : null;
}
}
}
个人理解用ThreadLocal保证了数据间的隔离性
项目中使用RequestContextHolder
用一个servlet工具类：
public class ServletUtils
{
/**
* 定义移动端请求的所有可能类型
*/
private final static String[] agent = {
"Android", "iPhone", "iPod", "iPad", "Windows Phone", "MQQBrowser" };
/**
* 获取String参数
*/
public static String getParameter(String name)
{
return getRequest().getParameter(name);
}
public static ServletRequestAttributes getRequestAttributes()
{
RequestAttributes attributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();//这里用RequestContextHolder获得ServletRequestAttributes
return (ServletRequestAttributes) attributes;
}
/**
* 获取request
*/
public static HttpServletRequest getRequest()
{
return getRequestAttributes().getRequest();
}
/**
* 获取response
*/
public static HttpServletResponse getResponse()
{
return getRequestAttributes().getResponse();
}
/**
* 获取session
*/
public static HttpSession getSession()
{
return getRequest().getSession();
}
/**
* 将字符串渲染到客户端
*
* @param response 渲染对象
* @param string 待渲染的字符串
* @return null
*/
public static String renderString(HttpServletResponse response, String string)
{
try
{
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
response.getWriter().print(string);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
通过这个工具类获得cookies:
Cookie[] cookies = ServletUtils.getRequest().getCookies();
在项目中获得完整请求路径
/**
* 获取完整的请求路径，包括：域名，端口，上下文访问路径
*
* @return 服务地址
*/
public String getUrl()
{
HttpServletRequest request = ServletUtils.getRequest();
return getDomain(request);
}
public static String getDomain(HttpServletRequest request)
{
StringBuffer url = request.getRequestURL();
String contextPath = request.getServletContext().getContextPath();//getServletContext()方法：获取这个ServletRequest最后被分派到的servlet上下文。返回:这个ServletRequest最后被分派到的servlet上下文
return url.delete(url.length() - request.getRequestURI().length(), url.length()).append(contextPath).toString();
}
关于ServletRequestAttributes源码 ：
/**
* Servlet-based implementation of the {@link RequestAttributes} interface.
*
* <p>Accesses objects from servlet request and HTTP session scope,
* with no distinction between "session" and "global session".
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 2.0
* @see javax.servlet.ServletRequest#getAttribute
* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpSession#getAttribute
*/
public class ServletRequestAttributes extends AbstractRequestAttributes {
/**
* Constant identifying the {@link String} prefixed to the name of a
* destruction callback when it is stored in a {@link HttpSession}.
*/
public static final String DESTRUCTION_CALLBACK_NAME_PREFIX =
ServletRequestAttributes.class.getName() + ".DESTRUCTION_CALLBACK.";
protected static final Set<Class<?>> immutableValueTypes = new HashSet<>(16);
static {
immutableValueTypes.addAll(NumberUtils.STANDARD_NUMBER_TYPES);
immutableValueTypes.add(Boolean.class);
immutableValueTypes.add(Character.class);
immutableValueTypes.add(String.class);
}
private final HttpServletRequest request;
@Nullable
private HttpServletResponse response;
@Nullable
private volatile HttpSession session;
private final Map<String, Object> sessionAttributesToUpdate = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(1);
/**
* Create a new ServletRequestAttributes instance for the given request.
* @param request current HTTP request
*/
public ServletRequestAttributes(HttpServletRequest request) {
Assert.notNull(request, "Request must not be null");
this.request = request;
}
/**
* Create a new ServletRequestAttributes instance for the given request.
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response (for optional exposure)
*/
public ServletRequestAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, @Nullable HttpServletResponse response) {
this(request);
this.response = response;
}
/**
* Exposes the native {@link HttpServletRequest} that we're wrapping.
*/
public final HttpServletRequest getRequest() {
return this.request;
}
/**
* Exposes the native {@link HttpServletResponse} that we're wrapping (if any).
*/
@Nullable
public final HttpServletResponse getResponse() {
return this.response;
}
/**
* Exposes the {@link HttpSession} that we're wrapping.
* @param allowCreate whether to allow creation of a new session if none exists yet
*/
@Nullable
protected final HttpSession getSession(boolean allowCreate) {
if (isRequestActive()) {
HttpSession session = this.request.getSession(allowCreate);
this.session = session;
return session;
}
else {
// Access through stored session reference, if any...
HttpSession session = this.session;
if (session == null) {
if (allowCreate) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"No session found and request already completed - cannot create new session!");
}
else {
session = this.request.getSession(false);
this.session = session;
}
}
return session;
}
}
private HttpSession obtainSession() {
HttpSession session = getSession(true);
Assert.state(session != null, "No HttpSession");
return session;
}
@Override
public Object getAttribute(String name, int scope) {
if (scope == SCOPE_REQUEST) {
if (!isRequestActive()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot ask for request attribute - request is not active anymore!");
}
return this.request.getAttribute(name);
}
else {
HttpSession session = getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
try {
Object value = session.getAttribute(name);
if (value != null) {
this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.put(name, value);
}
return value;
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Session invalidated - shouldn't usually happen.
}
}
return null;
}
}
@Override
public void setAttribute(String name, Object value, int scope) {
if (scope == SCOPE_REQUEST) {
if (!isRequestActive()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot set request attribute - request is not active anymore!");
}
this.request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
HttpSession session = obtainSession();
this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.remove(name);
session.setAttribute(name, value);
}
}
@Override
public void removeAttribute(String name, int scope) {
if (scope == SCOPE_REQUEST) {
if (isRequestActive()) {
removeRequestDestructionCallback(name);
this.request.removeAttribute(name);
}
}
else {
HttpSession session = getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.remove(name);
try {
session.removeAttribute(DESTRUCTION_CALLBACK_NAME_PREFIX + name);
session.removeAttribute(name);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Session invalidated - shouldn't usually happen.
}
}
}
}
@Override
public String[] getAttributeNames(int scope) {
if (scope == SCOPE_REQUEST) {
if (!isRequestActive()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot ask for request attributes - request is not active anymore!");
}
return StringUtils.toStringArray(this.request.getAttributeNames());
}
else {
HttpSession session = getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
try {
return StringUtils.toStringArray(session.getAttributeNames());
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Session invalidated - shouldn't usually happen.
}
}
return new String[0];
}
}
@Override
public void registerDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable callback, int scope) {
if (scope == SCOPE_REQUEST) {
registerRequestDestructionCallback(name, callback);
}
else {
registerSessionDestructionCallback(name, callback);
}
}
@Override
public Object resolveReference(String key) {
if (REFERENCE_REQUEST.equals(key)) {
return this.request;
}
else if (REFERENCE_SESSION.equals(key)) {
return getSession(true);
}
else {
return null;
}
}
@Override
public String getSessionId() {
return obtainSession().getId();
}
@Override
public Object getSessionMutex() {
return WebUtils.getSessionMutex(obtainSession());
}
/**
* Update all accessed session attributes through {@code session.setAttribute}
* calls, explicitly indicating to the container that they might have been modified.
*/
@Override
protected void updateAccessedSessionAttributes() {
if (!this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.isEmpty()) {
// Update all affected session attributes.
HttpSession session = getSession(false);
if (session != null) {
try {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.entrySet()) {
String name = entry.getKey();
Object newValue = entry.getValue();
Object oldValue = session.getAttribute(name);
if (oldValue == newValue && !isImmutableSessionAttribute(name, newValue)) {
session.setAttribute(name, newValue);
}
}
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Session invalidated - shouldn't usually happen.
}
}
this.sessionAttributesToUpdate.clear();
}
}
/**
* Determine whether the given value is to be considered as an immutable session
* attribute, that is, doesn't have to be re-set via {@code session.setAttribute}
* since its value cannot meaningfully change internally.
* <p>The default implementation returns {@code true} for {@code String},
* {@code Character}, {@code Boolean} and standard {@code Number} values.
* @param name the name of the attribute
* @param value the corresponding value to check
* @return {@code true} if the value is to be considered as immutable for the
* purposes of session attribute management; {@code false} otherwise
* @see #updateAccessedSessionAttributes()
*/
protected boolean isImmutableSessionAttribute(String name, @Nullable Object value) {
return (value == null || immutableValueTypes.contains(value.getClass()));
}
/**
* Register the given callback as to be executed after session termination.
* <p>Note: The callback object should be serializable in order to survive
* web app restarts.
* @param name the name of the attribute to register the callback for
* @param callback the callback to be executed for destruction
*/
protected void registerSessionDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable callback) {
HttpSession session = obtainSession();
session.setAttribute(DESTRUCTION_CALLBACK_NAME_PREFIX + name,
new DestructionCallbackBindingListener(callback));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return this.request.toString();
}
}
关于 HttpServletRequest和 HttpServletResponse
关于servlet的介绍：
客户端的网络请求首先会被Http服务器接收（也叫Web服务器、web容器，其需要提供web应用运行所需的环境，接收客户端的Http请求）；
Web服务器根据请求的路径将请求转交给对应的Servlet容器（也称Servlet引擎，为Servlet的运行提供环境支持，可以理解为tomcat或其他服务器）；
Servlet容器根据对应的虚拟路径（@WebServlet中配置的）来加载Servlet，如果Serlvet没有被实例化则创建该Servlet的一个实例（调用init方法）；
Servlet容器根据用户的HTTP请求，创建一个ServletRequest对象（HTTP的请求信息被封装在其中）和一个可以对HTTP请求进行响应的ServletResponse对象（类似于寄信，并在信中说明回信的地址），然后调用HttpServlet中重写的service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)方法，并在这个方法中，将ServletRequest、ServletResponse这两个对象向下转型，得到我们非常熟悉的HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse两个对象，然后将客户端的请求转发到HttpServlet中protected修饰的service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
cookie的写入和获得
/**
* 获得指定Cookie的值
*
* @param request 请求对象
* @param response 响应对象
* @param name 名字
* @param isRemove 是否移除
* @return 值
*/
public static String getCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String name,
boolean isRemove)
{
String value = null;
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if (cookies != null)
{
for (Cookie cookie : cookies)
{
if (cookie.getName().equals(name))
{
try
{
value = URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(), "utf-8");
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (isRemove)
{
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
}
}
return value;
}
/**
* 设置 Cookie
*
* @param name 名称
* @param value 值
* @param maxAge 生存时间（单位秒）
* @param uri 路径
*/
public static void setCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value, String path, int maxAge)
{
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(name, null);
cookie.setPath(path);
cookie.setMaxAge(maxAge);//该方法用于设置cookie的生存时间，
try
{
cookie.setValue(URLEncoder.encode(value, "utf-8"));//URLEncoder.encode()可以对要传递的中文进行编码a ,如果url参数值含有特殊字符时，需要使用 url 编码。否则可能特殊字符会消失
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
response.addCookie(cookie);
}