1.SpringBoot整合Shiro思路
2. 环境搭建
2.1 创建项目
2.2 引入依赖
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--引入Jsp依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
2.3 创建前端页面
在webapp文件夹中创建index.jsp和login.jsp
index.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="false" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--受限资源--%>
<h1>系统主页</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">用户管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">商品管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">订单管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">物流管理</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
login.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="false" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录界面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" > <br/>
密码 : <input type="text" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</html>
2.4 配置视图信息
application.properties
server.port=8080
server.servlet.context-path=/shiro
spring.application.name=shiro
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
2.5 解决IDEA冲突问题
JSP 与IDEA 与SpringBoot存在一定的不兼容，修改此配置即可解决
2.6 测试搭建的环境
3. 整合Shiro
3.1 引入依赖
pom.xml
<!--引入shrio-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
3.2 自定义Realm
在shiro文件夹下创建realm文件夹
package com.test.shiro.realm;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
/**
* 自定义Realm
*/
public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
return null;
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
return null;
}
}
3.3 Shiro配置
在config文件夹中创建ShiroConfig.java
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//ShiroFilter过滤所有请求
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//给ShiroFilter配置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//配置系统受限资源
//配置系统公共资源
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("/index.jsp","authc");//表示这个资源需要认证和授权
// 设置认证界面路径
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login.jsp");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
//创建安全管理器
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(Realm realm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(realm);
return securityManager;
}
//创建自定义Realm
@Bean
public Realm getRealm() {
CustomerRealm realm = new CustomerRealm();
return realm;
}
}
3.4 启动测试
输入http://localhost:8080/shiro/index.jsp，发现需要跳转到login.jsp
4. 常见过滤器
- 注意: shiro提供和多个默认的过滤器，我们可以用这些过滤器来配置控制指定url的权限：
5. 认证和退出
5.1 在index.jsp添加a标签
index.jsp
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">退出登录</a>
5.2 编写controller
UserController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("logout")
public String logout() {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.logout();
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username, String password) {
//获取主题对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password));
System.out.println("登录成功！！！");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("用户错误！！！");
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
System.out.println("密码错误！！！");
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
}
5.3 修改自定义Realm
CustomerRealm.java
/**
* 自定义Realm
*/
public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
return null;
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
String principal = (String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal();
if ("zhangsan".equals(principal)) {
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(principal,"123456",this.getName());
}
return null;
}
}
5.4 修改ShiroConfig配置
ShiroConfig.java
公共资源一定是在受限资源上面，不然会造成死循环。
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//ShiroFilter过滤所有请求
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//给ShiroFilter配置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//配置系统受限资源
//配置系统公共资源
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("/user/login","anon");//表示这个为公共资源 一定是在受限资源上面
map.put("/**","authc");//表示这个受限资源需要认证和授权
// 设置认证界面路径
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login.jsp");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
//创建安全管理器
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(Realm realm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(realm);
return securityManager;
}
//创建自定义Realm
@Bean
public Realm getRealm() {
CustomerRealm realm = new CustomerRealm();
return realm;
}
}
5.5 测试
登录正常，登出正常，未登录和登出后不能访问index.jsp
6. MD5、Salt的认证实现
6.1 创建数据库
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`id` INT(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` VARCHAR(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`salt` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
6.2 引入依赖
<!--引入mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
6.3 配置数据源和整合mybatis
application.properties
#配置数据源
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot_shrio?characterEncoding=UTF-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.test.entity
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:com/test/mapper/*.xml
6.4 创建实体类entity
User.java
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private String id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String salt;
}
6.5 创建DAO接口
UserDao.java
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface UserDao {
void save(User user);
User findByUsername(String username);
}
6.6 编写Mapper配置文件
UserDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.test.dao.UserDao">
<insert id="save" parameterType="User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into t_user values(#{id},#{username},#{password},#{salt})
</insert>
<select id="findByUsername" parameterType="String" resultType="User">
select id,username,password,salt
from t_user
where username = #{username}
</select>
</mapper>
6.7 创建Service接口
UserService.java
public interface UserService {
//注册用户方法
void register(User user);
//根据用户名查找用户
User findByUsername(String username);
}
6.8 编写生成随机盐工具类
SaltUtil.java
public class SaltUtil {
public static String getSalt(int n) {
char[] chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567890!@#$%^&*()".toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
char c = chars[new Random().nextInt(chars.length)];
sb.append(c);
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(getSalt(4));
}
}
6.9 编写Service实现类
UserServiceImpl.java
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void register(User user) {
//1.获取随机盐
String salt = SaltUtil.getSalt(8);
//2.将随机盐保存到数据
user.setSalt(salt);
//3.明文密码进行md5 + salt + hash散列
Md5Hash MD5 = new Md5Hash(user.getPassword(),salt,1024);
user.setPassword(MD5.toHex());
userDao.save(user);
}
@Override
public User findByUsername(String username) {
return userDao.findByUsername(username);
}
}
6.10 编写Controller
UserController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/register")
public String register(User user) {
try {
userService.register(user);
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "redirect:/register.jsp";
}
}
@RequestMapping("logout")
public String logout() {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.logout();
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String username, String password) {
//获取主题对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken(username,password));
System.out.println("登录成功！！！");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("用户错误！！！");
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
System.out.println("密码错误！！！");
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
}
6.11 修改自定义Realm
CustomerRealm.java
/**
* 自定义Realm
*/
public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
return null;
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
String principal = (String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal();
//获取UserService对象
UserService userService = (UserService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userService");
//System.out.println(userService);
User user = userService.findByUsername(principal);
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(user)) {
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getSalt()), this.getName());
}
return null;
}
}
6.12 编写获取对象工具类
ApplicationContextUtil.java
@Component
public class ApplicationContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {
private static ApplicationContext context;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.context = applicationContext;
}
//根据bean名字获取工厂中指定bean 对象
public static Object getBean(String beanName) {
return context.getBean(beanName);
}
}
6.13 修改Config
ShiroConfig.java
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
//ShiroFilter过滤所有请求
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//给ShiroFilter配置安全管理器
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
//配置系统受限资源
//配置系统公共资源
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("/user/login","anon");//表示这个为公共资源 一定是在受限资源上面
map.put("/user/register","anon");//表示这个为公共资源 一定是在受限资源上面
map.put("/register.jsp","anon");//表示这个为公共资源 一定是在受限资源上面
map.put("/**","authc");//表示这个受限资源需要认证和授权
// 设置认证界面路径
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login.jsp");
shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
}
//创建安全管理器
@Bean
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(Realm realm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setRealm(realm);
return securityManager;
}
//创建自定义Realm
@Bean
public Realm getRealm() {
CustomerRealm realm = new CustomerRealm();
HashedCredentialsMatcher credentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
//设置使用MD5加密算法
credentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("md5");
//散列次数
credentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(1024);
realm.setCredentialsMatcher(credentialsMatcher);
return realm;
}
6.14 添加注册页面
register.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="false" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>注册界面</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/register" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username" > <br/>
密码 : <input type="text" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="立即注册">
</form>
</html>
6.15 测试
添加成功
认证
优化版推荐阅读（SpringBoot + Shiro + Jwt 实现登录认证，代码分析）：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43290318/article/details/108225519
7. 授权实现
7.1 模拟数据实现授权
7.1.1 模拟数据
CustomerRealm.java
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
String principal = (String) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
if ("zhangsan".equals(principal)) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
info.addRole("admin");
info.addRole("user");
info.addStringPermission("user:find:*");
info.addStringPermission("admin:*");
return info;
}
return null;
}
7.1.2 页面资源授权
index.jsp
<%@page contentType="text/html;UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="false" %>
<%@taglib prefix="shiro" uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--受限资源--%>
<h1>系统主页</h1>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">退出登录</a>
<ul>
<shiro:hasRole name="user">
<li><a href="#">用户管理</a></li>
<ul>
<shiro:hasPermission name="user:save:*">
<li><a href="#">增加</a></li>
</shiro:hasPermission>
<shiro:hasPermission name="user:delete:*">
<li><a href="#">删除</a></li>
</shiro:hasPermission>
<shiro:hasPermission name="user:update:*">
<li><a href="#">修改</a></li>
</shiro:hasPermission>
<shiro:hasPermission name="user:find:*">
<li><a href="#">查询</a></li>
</shiro:hasPermission>
</ul>
</shiro:hasRole>
<shiro:hasRole name="admin">
<li><a href="#">商品管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">订单管理</a></li>
<li><a href="#">物流管理</a></li>
</shiro:hasRole>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
7.1.3 代码方式授权
OrderController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("order")
public class OrderController {
@RequestMapping("save")
public String save() {
//基于角色
//获取主体对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//代码方式
if (subject.hasRole("admin")) {
System.out.println("保存订单!");
}else{
System.out.println("无权访问!");
}
System.out.println("进入save方法============");
return "redircet:/index.jsp";
}
}
7.1.4 方法调用授权
OrderController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("order")
public class OrderController {
@RequiresRoles(value={
"admin","user"})//用来判断角色 同时具有 admin user
@RequiresPermissions("user:update:01") //用来判断权限字符串
@RequestMapping("save")
public String save(){
System.out.println("进入方法");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
7.2 数据库实现角色授权
7.2.1 授权数据持久化
7.2.2 创建数据库表
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_perms
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_perms`;
CREATE TABLE `t_pers` (
`id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
`url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_role`;
CREATE TABLE `t_role` (
`id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(60) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_role_perms
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_role_perms`;
CREATE TABLE `t_role_perms` (
`id` int(6) NOT NULL,
`roleid` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`permsid` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
`id` int(6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`salt` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `t_user_role` (
`id` int(6) NOT NULL,
`userid` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
`roleid` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
7.2.3 创建实体类
User
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String salt;
//定义角色集合
private List<Role> roles;
}
Role
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Role implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
//定义权限的集合
private List<Perms> perms;
}
Perms
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Perms implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
private String url;
}
7.2.4 创建Dao接口
UserDao.java
//根据用户名查询所有角色
User findRolesByUserName(String username);
7.2.5 编写Mapper实现
UserDao.xml
<resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
<id column="uid" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<!--角色信息-->
<collection property="roles" javaType="list" ofType="Role">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="rname" property="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findRolesByUserName" parameterType="String" resultMap="userMap">
SELECT u.id uid,u.username,r.id,r.NAME rname
FROM t_user u
LEFT JOIN t_user_role ur
ON u.id=ur.userid
LEFT JOIN t_role r
ON ur.roleid=r.id
WHERE u.username=#{
username}
</select>
7.2.6 编写Service接口
UserService.java
public interface UserService {
User findRoleByUsername(String username);
}
7.2.7 编写Service实现方法
UserServiceImpl.java
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public User findRoleByUsername(String username) {
return userDao.findRoleByUsername(username);
}
}
7.2.8 修改自定义Realm
CustomerRealm.java
/**
* 自定义Realm
*/
public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
String principal = (String) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
//获取UserService对象
UserService userService = (UserService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userService");
//System.out.println(userService);
//基于角色授权
User user = userService.findRoleByUsername(principal);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(user.getRoles())) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
user.getRoles().forEach(role -> info.addRole(role.getName()));
return info;
}
return null;
}
......
}
7.3 数据库实现权限授权
7.3.1 创建Dao接口
UserDao.java
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface UserDao {
//根据角色id查询权限集合
Role findPermByRoleId(String id);
//根据角色id查询权限集合
List<Perms> findPermsByRoleId2(String id);
}
7.3.2 编写Mapper实现
UserDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.test.dao.UserDao">
<resultMap id="roleMap" type="Role">
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<collection property="perms" javaType="list" ofType="Perms">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="url" property="url"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findPermByRoleId" parameterType="String" resultType="Role" resultMap="roleMap">
SELECT r.`name`,p.`id`,p.`name`,p.`url`
FROM t_role r
LEFT JOIN t_role_perms rp
ON r.`id` = rp.`roleid`
LEFT JOIN t_pers p
ON rp.`permsid` = p.`id`
WHERE r.`id` = #{
id}
</select>
<select id="findPermsByRoleId2" parameterType="String" resultType="Perms">
SELECT p.id,p.NAME,p.url,r.NAME
FROM t_role r
LEFT JOIN t_role_perms rp
ON r.id=rp.roleid
LEFT JOIN t_pers p ON rp.permsid=p.id
WHERE r.id=#{
id}
</select>
</mapper>
7.3.3 编写Service接口
UserService.java
public interface UserService {
//根据角色id查询权限集合
Role findPermByRoleId(String id);
//根据角色id查询权限集合
List<Perms> findPermsByRoleId2(String id);
}
7.3.4 编写Service实现方法
UserServiceImpl.java
@Service("userService")
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public Role findPermByRoleId(String id) {
return userDao.findPermByRoleId(id);
}
@Override
public List<Perms> findPermsByRoleId2(String id) {
return userDao.findPermsByRoleId2(id);
}
}
7.3.5 修改自定义Realm
CustomerRealm.java
/**
* 自定义Realm
*/
public class CustomerRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
String principal = (String) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
//获取UserService对象
UserService userService = (UserService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userService");
//System.out.println(userService);
//基于角色授权
User user = userService.findRoleByUsername(principal);
System.out.println("user======="+user);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(user.getRoles())) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
user.getRoles().forEach(role ->{
info.addRole(role.getName());
/*Role role2 = userService.findPermByRoleId(role.getId());
System.out.println("role2======"+role2);
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(role2.getPerms())) {
role2.getPerms().forEach(perm -> info.addStringPermission(perm.getName()));
}*/
//权限信息
List<Perms> perms = userService.findPermsByRoleId2(role.getId());
System.out.println("perms========"+perms);
if(!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(perms) && perms.get(0)!=null ){
perms.forEach(perm->{
info.addStringPermission(perm.getName());
});
}
});
return info;
}
return null;
}
......
}
7.3.6 数据库表数据设置
7.3.7 测试
8. shiro使用缓存
8.1 Cache
8.1.1 Cache 作用
Cache 缓存: 计算机内存中一段数据
作用: 用来减轻DB的访问压力,从而提高系统的查询效率
流程:
8.1.2 使用shiro中默认EhCache实现缓存
1.引入依赖
<!--引入shiro和ehcache-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.5.3</version>
</dependency>
2.开启缓存
//3.创建自定义realm
@Bean
public Realm getRealm() {
CustomerRealm realm = new CustomerRealm();
HashedCredentialsMatcher credentialsMatcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
//设置使用MD5加密算法
credentialsMatcher.setHashAlgorithmName("md5");
//散列次数
credentialsMatcher.setHashIterations(1024);
realm.setCredentialsMatcher(credentialsMatcher);
//开启缓存管理器
realm.setCacheManager(new EhCacheManager());
realm.setCachingEnabled(true);//开启缓存
realm.setAuthenticationCachingEnabled(true);//开启认证缓存
realm.setAuthenticationCacheName("authentication");
realm.setAuthorizationCachingEnabled(true);//开启授权缓存
realm.setAuthorizationCacheName("authorization");
return realm;
}
8.1.3 测试
注意:如果控制台没有任何sql展示说明缓存已经开启
8.2 Redis
8.2.1 shiro中使用Redis作为缓存实现
1.引入redis依赖
<!--redis整合springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.配置redis连接
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.database=0
3.启动redis服务
4. 开发RedisCacheManager
自定义shiro缓存管理器
RedisCacheManager.java
import org.apache.shiro.cache.Cache;
import org.apache.shiro.cache.CacheException;
import org.apache.shiro.cache.CacheManager;
//自定义shiro缓存管理器
public class RedisCacheManager implements CacheManager {
//参数1:认证或者是授权缓存的统一名称
@Override
public <K, V> Cache<K, V> getCache(String cacheName) throws CacheException {
System.out.println(cacheName);
return new RedisCache<K,V>(cacheName);
}
}
5.开RedisCache实现
//自定义redis缓存的实现
public class RedisCache<k,v> implements Cache<k,v> {
private String cacheName;
public RedisCache() {
}
public RedisCache(String cacheName) {
this.cacheName = cacheName;
}
@Override
public v get(k k) throws CacheException {
return (v) getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().get(this.cacheName, k.toString());
}
@Override
public v put(k k, v v) throws CacheException {
System.out.println("put key: "+k);
System.out.println("put value:"+v);
getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().put(this.cacheName,k.toString(), v);
return null;
}
@Override
public v remove(k k) throws CacheException {
System.out.println("=============remove=============");
return (v) getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().delete(this.cacheName,k.toString());
}
@Override
public void clear() throws CacheException {
System.out.println("=============clear==============");
getRedisTemplate().delete(this.cacheName);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().size(this.cacheName).intValue();
}
@Override
public Set<k> keys() {
return getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().keys(this.cacheName);
}
@Override
public Collection<v> values() {
return getRedisTemplate().opsForHash().values(this.cacheName);
}
private RedisTemplate getRedisTemplate(){
RedisTemplate redisTemplate = (RedisTemplate) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("redisTemplate");
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
return redisTemplate;
}
}
6. 启动项目测试发现报错
- 错误解释: 由于shiro中提供的simpleByteSource实现没有实现序列化,所有在认证时出现错误信息
解决方案如下：
实现 实体类 序列化
自定义salt实现 实现序列化接口
import org.apache.shiro.codec.Base64;
import org.apache.shiro.codec.CodecSupport;
import org.apache.shiro.codec.Hex;
import org.apache.shiro.util.ByteSource;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
//自定义salt实现 实现序列化接口
public class MyByteSource implements ByteSource, Serializable {
private byte[] bytes;
private String cachedHex;
private String cachedBase64;
public MyByteSource(byte[] bytes) {
this.bytes = bytes;
}
public MyByteSource(char[] chars) {
this.bytes = CodecSupport.toBytes(chars);
}
public MyByteSource(String string) {
this.bytes = CodecSupport.toBytes(string);
}
public MyByteSource(ByteSource source) {
this.bytes = source.getBytes();
}
public MyByteSource(File file) {
this.bytes = (new MyByteSource.BytesHelper()).getBytes(file);
}
public MyByteSource(InputStream stream) {
this.bytes = (new MyByteSource.BytesHelper()).getBytes(stream);
}
public static boolean isCompatible(Object o) {
return o instanceof byte[] || o instanceof char[] || o instanceof String || o instanceof ByteSource || o instanceof File || o instanceof InputStream;
}
public byte[] getBytes() {
return this.bytes;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return this.bytes == null || this.bytes.length == 0;
}
public String toHex() {
if (this.cachedHex == null) {
this.cachedHex = Hex.encodeToString(this.getBytes());
}
return this.cachedHex;
}
public String toBase64() {
if (this.cachedBase64 == null) {
this.cachedBase64 = Base64.encodeToString(this.getBytes());
}
return this.cachedBase64;
}
public String toString() {
return this.toBase64();
}
public int hashCode() {
return this.bytes != null && this.bytes.length != 0 ? Arrays.hashCode(this.bytes) : 0;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this) {
return true;
} else if (o instanceof ByteSource) {
ByteSource bs = (ByteSource)o;
return Arrays.equals(this.getBytes(), bs.getBytes());
} else {
return false;
}
}
private static final class BytesHelper extends CodecSupport {
private BytesHelper() {
}
public byte[] getBytes(File file) {
return this.toBytes(file);
}
public byte[] getBytes(InputStream stream) {
return this.toBytes(stream);
}
}
}
修改自定义realm中使用的salt
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
String principal = (String) authenticationToken.getPrincipal();
//获取UserService对象
UserService userService = (UserService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userService");
//System.out.println(userService);
User user = userService.findByUsername(principal);
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(user)) {
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), new MyByteSource(user.getSalt()), this.getName());
}
return null;
}
7. 测试
9. shrio实现验证功能
9.1 验证码工具类
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
/**
*@创建人 cx
*@创建时间 2018/11/27 17:36
*@描述 验证码生成
*/
public class VerifyCodeUtils{
//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();
/**
* 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}
/**
* 使用指定源生成验证码
* @param verifySize 验证码长度
* @param sources 验证码字符源
* @return
*/
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
sources = VERIFY_CODES;
}
int codesLen = sources.length();
Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
}
return verifyCode.toString();
}
/**
* 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param verifySize
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
return verifyCode;
}
/**
* 生成指定验证码图像文件
* @param w
* @param h
* @param outputFile
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
if(outputFile == null){
return;
}
File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
if(!dir.exists()){
dir.mkdirs();
}
try{
outputFile.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
fos.close();
} catch(IOException e){
throw e;
}
}
/**
* 输出指定验证码图片流
* @param w
* @param h
* @param os
* @param code
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
int verifySize = code.length();
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Random rand = new Random();
Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
Color[] colors = new Color[5];
Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] {
Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
}
Arrays.sort(fractions);
g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
//绘制干扰线
Random random = new Random();
g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
}
// 添加噪点
float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
int x = random.nextInt(w);
int y = random.nextInt(h);
int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
}
shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
int fontSize = h-4;
Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
g2.setFont(font);
char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
g2.setTransform(affine);
g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
}
g2.dispose();
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}
private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
private static int getRandomIntColor() {
int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
int color = 0;
for (int c : rgb) {
color = color << 8;
color = color | c;
}
return color;
}
private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
int[] rgb = new int[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
}
return rgb;
}
private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}
private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(2);
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 1;
int phase = random.nextInt(2);
for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
}
}
}
private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
boolean borderGap = true;
int frames = 20;
int phase = 7;
for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
double d = (double) (period >> 1)
* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
/ (double) frames);
g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
if (borderGap) {
g.setColor(color);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//获取验证码
String s = generateVerifyCode(4);
//将验证码放入图片中
outputImage(260,60,new File("/Users/chenyannan/Desktop/安工资料/aa.jpg"),s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
9.2 开发页面加入验证码
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br/>
密码 : <input type="text" name="password"> <br/>
请输入验证码: <input type="text" name="code"><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/getImage" alt=""><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
9.3 开发控制器
@RequestMapping("getImage")
public void getImage(HttpSession session, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//生成验证码
String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
//验证码放入session
session.setAttribute("code",code);
//验证码存入图片
ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
response.setContentType("image/png");
VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,os,code);
}
9.4 放行验证码
ShiroConfig.java
map.put("/user/getImage","anon");//验证码
9.5 修改认证流程
@RequestMapping("login")
public String login(String username, String password,String code,HttpSession session) {
//比较验证码
String codes = (String) session.getAttribute("code");
try {
if (codes.equalsIgnoreCase(code)){
//获取主体对象
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password));
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}else{
throw new RuntimeException("验证码错误!");
}
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("用户名错误!");
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("密码错误!");
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return "redirect:/login.jsp";
}
9.6 启动测试
10. shiro标签在jsp使用
需要在jsp页面中引入标签
<%@ taglib uri="http://shiro.apache.org/tags" prefix="shiro" %>
标签：
<shiro:authenticated> 登录之后
<shiro:notAuthenticated> 不在登录状态时
<shiro:guest> 用户在没有RememberMe时
<shiro:user> 用户在RememberMe时
<shiro:hasAnyRoles name="abc,123" > 在有abc或者123角色时
<shiro:hasRole name="abc"> 拥有角色abc
<shiro:lacksRole name="abc"> 没有角色abc
<shiro:hasPermission name="abc"> 拥有权限资源abc <shiro:lacksPermission name="abc"> 没有abc权限资源
<shiro:principal> 显示用户身份名称
<shiro:principal property="username"/> 显示用户身份中的属性值
11. Shiro整合springboot之thymeleaf权限控制
11.1 引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
11.2 页面中引入命名空间
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:shiro="http://www.pollix.at/thymeleaf/shiro">
11.3 常见权限控制标签使用
<!-- 验证当前用户是否为“访客”，即未认证（包含未记住）的用户。 -->
<p shiro:guest="">Please <a href="login.html">login</a></p>
<!-- 认证通过或已记住的用户。 -->
<p shiro:user="">
Welcome back John! Not John? Click <a href="login.html">here</a> to login.
</p>
<!-- 已认证通过的用户。不包含已记住的用户，这是与user标签的区别所在。 -->
<p shiro:authenticated="">
Hello, <span shiro:principal=""></span>, how are you today?
</p>
<a shiro:authenticated="" href="updateAccount.html">Update your contact information</a>
<!-- 输出当前用户信息，通常为登录帐号信息。 -->
<p>Hello, <shiro:principal/>, how are you today?</p>
<!-- 未认证通过用户，与authenticated标签相对应。与guest标签的区别是，该标签包含已记住用户。 -->
<p shiro:notAuthenticated="">
Please <a href="login.html">login</a> in order to update your credit card information.
</p>
<!-- 验证当前用户是否属于该角色。 -->
<a shiro:hasRole="admin" href="admin.html">Administer the system</a><!-- 拥有该角色 -->
<!-- 与hasRole标签逻辑相反，当用户不属于该角色时验证通过。 -->
<p shiro:lacksRole="developer"><!-- 没有该角色 -->
Sorry, you are not allowed to developer the system.
</p>
<!-- 验证当前用户是否属于以下所有角色。 -->
<p shiro:hasAllRoles="developer, 2"><!-- 角色与判断 -->
You are a developer and a admin.
</p>
<!-- 验证当前用户是否属于以下任意一个角色。 -->
<p shiro:hasAnyRoles="admin, vip, developer,1"><!-- 角色或判断 -->
You are a admin, vip, or developer.
</p>
<!--验证当前用户是否拥有指定权限。 -->
<a shiro:hasPermission="userInfo:add" href="createUser.html">添加用户</a><!-- 拥有权限 -->
<!-- 与hasPermission标签逻辑相反，当前用户没有制定权限时，验证通过。 -->
<p shiro:lacksPermission="userInfo:del"><!-- 没有权限 -->
Sorry, you are not allowed to delete user accounts.
</p>
<!-- 验证当前用户是否拥有以下所有角色。 -->
<p shiro:hasAllPermissions="userInfo:view, userInfo:add"><!-- 权限与判断 -->
You can see or add users.
</p>
<!-- 验证当前用户是否拥有以下任意一个权限。 -->
<p shiro:hasAnyPermissions="userInfo:view, userInfo:del"><!-- 权限或判断 -->
You can see or delete users.
</p>
<a shiro:hasPermission="pp" href="createUser.html">Create a new User</a>
11.4 加入shiro的方言配置
- 页面标签不起作用一定要记住加入方言处理
@Bean(name = "shiroDialect")
public ShiroDialect shiroDialect(){
return new ShiroDialect();
}
内容参考：
B站编程不良人：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1uz4y197Zm
仅用于学习！