nginx虚拟主机配置实践

1、配置基于域名的虚拟主机

[root@web01 html]# egrep -v "#|^$" /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default >/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf    ####将配置文件中的注释和空行删除
[root@web01 html]# vim /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf      #####修改如下特殊颜色内容

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.suffergtf.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@web01 html]# mkdir /application/nginx/html/www    ####创建www站点目录
[root@web01 html]# echo "hello,this is a test page for www" >/application/nginx/html/www/index.html    ####添加www站点默认首页文件
[root@web01 html]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t    ###检查配置文件
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 html]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload    ####重新加载nginx
[root@web01 html]# lsof -i :80      ####检查nginx是否正常启动
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   30396  root    6u  IPv4  38676      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   30399 nginx    6u  IPv4  38676      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@web01 html]# echo "192.168.127.11 www.suffergtf.com" >>/etc/hosts
[root@web01 html]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
192.168.127.11 www.suffergtf.com
[root@web01 html]# curl www.suffergtf.com
hello,this is a test page for www

2、配置多个基于域名的虚拟主机,并且将虚拟主机配置到单独的配置文件

[root@web01 ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf
[root@web01 conf]# mkdir extra  ####创建虚拟主机配置文件目录
[root@web01 conf]# cd extra/
[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf  ####编辑www虚拟主机,内容如下

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.suffergtf.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# cp www.conf blog.conf  #####直接cp,并且修改blog虚拟主机配置
[root@web01 extra]# vim blog.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.suffergtf.com;
        location / {
            root   html/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# cp www.conf bbs.conf
[root@web01 extra]# vim bbs.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  bbs.suffergtf.com;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# vim ../nginx.conf    ####配置nginx主配置文件

worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include     extra/www.conf;
    include     extra/blog.conf;
    include     extra/bbs.conf;
}
[root@web01 extra]# mkdir ../../html/{blog,bbs}
[root@web01 extra]# ll ../../html/
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  537 6月   5 17:05 50x.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 19:24 bbs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 19:24 blog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  612 6月   5 17:05 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月   5 18:52 www
[root@web01 extra]# echo "hello,this is test for blog" >../../html/blog/index.htm
[root@web01 extra]# echo "hello,this is test for bbs" >../../html/bbs/index.htm
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web01 extra]# echo "192.168.127.11   blog.suffergtf.com  bbs.suffergtf.com" >>/etc/hosts
[root@web01 extra]# tail -2 /etc/hosts
192.168.127.11 www.suffergtf.com
192.168.127.11   blog.suffergtf.com  bbs.suffergtf.com
[root@web01 extra]# curl www.suffergtf.com
hello,this is a test page for www
[root@web01 extra]# curl blog.suffergtf.com
hello,this is test for blog
[root@web01 extra]# curl bbs.suffergtf.com
hello,this is test for bbs

3、虚拟主机的别名配置

[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf 

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name suffergtf.com www.suffergtf.com;    ####添加域名
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web01 extra]# echo "192.168.127.11  suffergtf.com" >>/etc/hosts
[root@web01 extra]# curl suffergtf.com
hello,this is a test page for www
##########别名的用处:1、访问不同的域名,希望访问的是同一虚拟主机;2、集群环境中,所有节点都是同一域名,所以需要通过别名来检测每一个节

4、Nginx状态信息功能

[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -V      ####查看编译参数
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) 
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  ####需要开启这个信息功能参数
[root@web01 extra]# cat >>/application/nginx/conf/extra/status.conf<<eof    ####配置状态信息站点
> server{
>     listen  80;
>     server_name  status.suffergtf.com;
>     location / {
>       stub_status  on;      ####开启状态信息
>       access_log   off;
>     }
> }
> eof
[root@web01 extra]# vim ../nginx.conf
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web01 extra]# echo "192.168.127.11  status.suffergtf.com" >>/etc/hosts
[root@web01 extra]# curl status.suffergtf.com
Active connections: 1         #####nginx正在处理的活动连接数
server accepts handled requests    ###server表示nginx启动到现在共处理了8个连接;accepts表示从nginx启动到现在处理了8次握手;handled requests表示共处理了8次请求
 8 8 8 
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0    ###reading表示nginx读取到客户端的header信息数;writing表示nginx返回给客户端的header信息数;waiting表示nginx已经处理完正在等待下一次请求的驻留连接waiting=active-(reading+writing)

5、nginx错误日志

error_log语法如下
error_log    file    level;
关键字    日志文件  错误日志级别  ####级别【debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg】默认为error级别
错误日志可放置在:main,http,server,location模块;通常放在main中即可
[root@web01 extra]# vim ../nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
error_log       logs/error.log  error;      #######开启错误日志功能
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    include     extra/www.conf;
    include     extra/blog.conf;
    include     extra/bbs.conf;
    include     extra/status.conf;
}

6、nginx访问日志

nginx访问日志,主要由log_format,access_log控制,默认配置如下
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
将log_format放在nginx.conf配置文件的http模块,在虚拟主机server中配置access_log
[root@web01 extra]# vim ../nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;
error_log       logs/error.log  error;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    include     extra/www.conf;
    include     extra/blog.conf;
    include     extra/bbs.conf;
    include     extra/status.conf;
}
[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name suffergtf.com www.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_www.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# vim blog.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_blog.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# vim bbs.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  bbs.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_bbs.log  main;
        location / {
            root   html/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web01 extra]# tail -1 ../../logs/access_www.log
[root@web01 extra]# curl www.suffergtf.com
hello,this is a test page for www
[root@web01 extra]# tail -1 ../../logs/access_www.log
192.168.127.11 - - [05/Jun/2018:22:18:21 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 34 "-" "curl/7.19.7 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.19.7 NSS/3.14.0.0 zlib/1.2.3 libidn/1.18 libssh2/1.4.2" "-"
#####在高并发可以将access_log增加buffer和flush选项,提升网站性能
[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name suffergtf.com www.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_www.log  main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}

7、nginx访问日志轮询切割

[root@web01 extra]# mkdir /server/scripts
[root@web01 extra]# vim /server/scripts/www_logrotate.sh      ####编辑日志切割脚本

#!/bin/bash
######this a logrotate shell for www.suffergtf.com#######
Dateformat=$(date +%Y%m%d)      ####定义日期,通过日期命名轮询的日志名称
Basedir="/application/nginx"     ####定义nginx安装目录,方便后面重新加载
Nginxlogdir="$Basedir/logs"      ####定义日志目录
Logname="access_www"          ####日志名称
[ -d $Nginxlogdir ]&&cd $Nginxlogdir||exit 1    #####如果$Nginxlogdir存在则进入该目录,不存在则退出脚本
[ -f ${Logname}.log ] ||exit 1          #####若果${Logname}.log不存在则推出
/bin/mv ${Logname}.log ${Dateformat}_${Logname}.log    ####改名
$Basedir/sbin/nginx -s reload      ####重新加载nginx生成新的日志文件  
find ${Nginxlogdir} -mtime +60 -name *_${Logname}.log |xargs rm -f  ####删除60天以前的日志,日志保留60天

[root@web01 extra]# cat >>/var/spool/cron/root <<eof    
> ####logrotate for www.suffergtf.com by suffergtf
> 00 00 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/www_logrotate.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
> eof
[root@web01 extra]# crontab -l
####logrotate for www.suffergtf.com by suffergtf
00 00 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/www_logrotate.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

8、nginx rewrite

rewrite语法
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.suffergtf.com/$1 permanent;
rewrite是关键字,$1是前面括号里的部分(.*),结尾的permanent是永久重定向
  • 同域名的rewrite

[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.suffergtf.com; access_log logs/access_www.log main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s; location / { root html/www; index index.html index.htm; } } server { listen 80; server_name suffergtf.com; rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.suffergtf.com/$1 permanent;    ####suffergtf.com跳转到www.suffergtf.com }

  • 不同于名的rewrite,配置用户访问blog.suffergtf.com时跳转到www.suffergtf.com/blog/suffergtf.html

[root@web01 extra]# vim blog.conf

[root@web01 extra]# vim blog.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_blog.log  main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
        location / {
            root   html/blog;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.suffergtf\.com$"){
        set $domain $1;
        rewrite ^(.*) http://www.suffergtf.com/$domain/suffergtf.html break;
        }
}

[root@web01 extra]# echo "this a test page for blog.suffergtf.com rewrite to www.suffergtf.com/blog/suffergtf.html">../../html/www/blog/suffergtf.html

[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload

9、nginx访问认证

nginx认证:auth_basic,auth_basic_user_file
[root@web01 extra]# vim www.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name www.suffergtf.com;
        access_log  logs/access_www.log  main gzip buffer=32k flush=5s;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            auth_basic  "auth test";      ####认证提示信息
            auth_basic_user_file        /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
        }
}
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name suffergtf.com;
        rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.suffergtf.com/$1 permanent;
}
[root@web01 extra]# which htpasswd    ###这里使用apache的htpasswd,这里如果没有安装请自行安装
/usr/bin/htpasswd
[root@web01 extra]# htpasswd -bc /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd suffergtf password
Adding password for user suffergtf
[root@web01 extra]# chmod 400 /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd
[root@web01 extra]# chown nginx.nginx /application/nginx/conf/htpasswd
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 extra]# ../../sbin/nginx -s reload
 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/suffergtf/p/9140664.html