【环境配置】Windows 11 的 WSL(Ubuntu2204) 安装OpenCV 4.5.4 (亲测有效)

Windows 11 的 WSL(Ubuntu2204) 安装OpenCV 4.5.4 (亲测有效)

一、WSL 安装

直接在 Windows Store 里搜索最新的 Ubuntu版本 22.04 版本进行安装；

二、编译安装 OpenCV

在 Powershell 里输入 wsl进入环境，

sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config 
sudo apt install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev
sudo apt install libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev
sudo apt install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libpng-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

无法安装 libjasper-dev 和 libdc1394-22-dev

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev
E: Unable to locate package libdc1394-22-dev

---

解决一：
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
最后一行加入如下内容并保存退出：
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main

再执行：
sudo apt-get update

---

解决二：

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libjasper1 libjasper-dev

但是可能会出现问题如下：

Hit:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [99.8 kB]
Hit:3 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy InRelease
Hit:4 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:5 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease
Hit:6 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease
Err:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease
  The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
Reading package lists... Done
W: GPG error: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
E: The repository 'http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

解决方法如下

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys  3B4FE6ACC0B21F32

Warning: apt-key is deprecated. Manage keyring files in trusted.gpg.d instead (see apt-key(8)).
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.zW1sustAL5/gpg.1.sh --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
gpg: key 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32: public key "Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key (2012) <[email protected]>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

参考： https://blog.csdn.net/wm9028/article/details/122982116

无法安装 libdc1394-22-dev

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libdc1394-22-dev

问题解答

The libdc1394-22-dev package was removed in Debian and Ubuntu after 21.10. This is because the source package it was from - libdc1394-22 - was superseded by a different package.

The package was orphaned and removed with Debian Bug #963924 because the package libdc1394 has superseded libdc1394-22.

It has its own dev package - libdc1394-dev - which will probably get you what you want/need. So install that package instead of the package you were trying to install.

安装 libdc1394-dev即可。

sudo apt install libdc1394-dev

（一）下载 OpenCV

进入 OpenCV 官网 下载对应版本，我这里用的是 4.5.4;

（二）编译安装

将下载的源码拷贝到 WSL 系统里的 /home 目录下，并解压。

cd opencv-4.5.4
mkdir build && cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
      -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
      -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON ..
make -j
sudo make install   # 安装

可能出现的问题1：找不到ippcv

ippcv资源百度盘 提取码： 8888

将下载的文件替换到 .cache 目录下，并将文件名替换为下载的文件名。 重新编译。

参考： https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43478260/article/details/109458079

可能出现的问题2：找不到ade

OpenCV的gapi模块的编译依赖ADE，在OpenCV的build过程中会自动下载ADE，因为被墙了，所以下载失败，所以要手动下载并修改相关文件；

ade资源百度盘 提取码：8888

通过命令查看ade的md5值，并根据值修改相关文件；

md5sum ade.zip

修改文件 DownloadADE.cmake (modules/gapi/cmake/DownloadADE.cmake) 里

set(ade_md5 ... 里面的md5值替换成刚才的值，

修改 "https://github.com/opencv/ade/archive/" 为文件路径 file///home/usrname/opencv3rd/

ocv_download(FILENAME ${ade_filename}
HASH $ad{e}_{m}d5URL"${OPENCV_ADE_URL}"
“$ENV{OPENCV_ADE_URL}”
“https://github.com/opencv/ade/archive/”
DESTINATION_DIR ${ade_src_dir}
ID ADE
STATUS res
UNPACK RELATIVE_URL)

修改完后，重新编译。

参考： https://blog.csdn.net/wzw_2008/article/details/106944407

可能出现的问题3：内存不足

C++: fatal error: Killed signal terminated program cc1plus的问题解决

编译过程中，过度占用了宿主机的CPU和内存，可以减少编译线程；

make -j4 # 之前是 make -j 需修改为 make -j4, 可能编译会慢很多，但是稳

参考：

1. https://blog.csdn.net/Undefinedefity/article/details/106180033
2. https://www.zhihu.com/question/340599582/answer/1371691742

（三）环境变量配置与验证

sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf

在最后加上一行 /usr/loacal/lib, 完成后 ESC再输入 :wq保存退出。

运行

sudo ldconfig

然后修改 bash.bashrc文件

sudo vim /etc/bash.bashrc

在文件末尾加入：

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

然后进行 souce，更新环境变量

source /etc/bash.bashrc

验证是否安装成功

pkg-config --modversion opencv4

输出 4.5.4代表安装成功。

三、安装Xserver, 图形化显示

在 wsl 里安装 xfce4

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get install xfce4
sudo apt install xfce4-session

配置环境变量

在wsl里

sudo vim ~/.bashrc

末尾添加

export DISPLAY=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2; exit;}'):0.0

使配置生效

source ~/.bashrc

运行命令：

startxfce4

遇到如下错误

xfce4-panel: Failed to connect to session manager: Failed to connect to the session manager: IO error occured opening connection

link

this error occurs with permission issues, try: sudo -u youruser startxfce4

如果要在Windows上查看系统，需要安装一个Xserver，可以安装VcXsrv，链接：https://sourceforge.net/projects/vcxsrv/

Windows上启动 XLaunch，

Display settings: One large window
How to start clients: Start no client
Disable access control: Yes：

保存完成后，下次直接点开保存的文件即可打开。

至此已经可以在Windows11下可以看到 WSL里的Ubuntu2204系统和文件了。

参考

1. https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44501390/article/details/121291442
2. https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51984869/article/details/127538531
3. https://blog.csdn.net/Undefinedefity/article/details/106180033

四、验证是否显示OpenCV

进入到OpenCV的samples目录下

cd ~/opencv-4.5.4/samples/cpp/example_cmake/
cmake .
make 
./opencv_example

至此，终于可以在Windows11的WSL上使用Ubuntu2204愉快的玩耍OpenCV了。

---

五、其他

1. wsl 使用了Windows里的环境变量，想要去掉

在 /etc/wsl.conf 里插入如下代码可以不使用Windows的环境变量：

[interop]
appendWindowsPath = false

echo $PATH 可以查看环境变量是否已经发生了变化；

如果wsl要重新启用Windows的环境变量，那么就删除该段代码

参考
https://www.cnblogs.com/newber/p/14167430.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#configure-per-distro-launch-settings-with-wslconf

2. 重启 WSL

右键 Powershell 管理员身份打开，输入下面命令

#停止LxssManager服务
net stop LxssManager  
 
#启动LxssManager服务
net start LxssManager 

参考链接

https://blog.csdn.net/wm9028/article/details/122982116
https://www.cnblogs.com/newber/p/14167430.html
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl-config#configure-per-distro-launch-settings-with-wslconf
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1407580/unable-to-locate-package-libdc1394-22-dev
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43478260/article/details/109458079
https://blog.csdn.net/Undefinedefity/article/details/106180033
https://www.zhihu.com/question/340599582/answer/1371691742
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44501390/article/details/121291442
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_51984869/article/details/127538531