前记:
Electron是笔者最近才开始接触的Node中的一个模块,大致功能是将Node.js的环境搬至桌面程序开发中,也就是说我们可以通过Node.js去开发桌面程序,最终打包成exe可执行文件。因为之前笔者一直从事Java开发,对Node了解甚少,所以并不清楚实现这种功能是不是特别难,但是Electron的作者的实习经历及Electron目前所获得的成就(GitHub 60k+的Star)让笔者非常的钦佩。
Electron介绍
Electron安装
- Node环境搭建
npm转淘宝镜像
npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
Electron模块安装
npm install -g electron
Electron打包模块安装
npm install -g electron-packager
Electron开发
目录结构
Github Demo地址:https://github.com/electron/electron-quick-start
electron/resources/app
|_package.json
|_main.js
|_index.html
这是一个传统的Node项目目录结构,package.json是应用的配置文件:
{
"name": "xiaochongkk",
"version": "2.0.0",
"main": "main.js",
"dependencies": {
"cheerio": "^1.0.0-rc.2",
"electron-packager": "^12.1.0",
"superagent": "^3.8.3"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "start",
"start": "electron .",
"packager": "electron-packager ../electron-practice --all --out ./out-electron-practice --electron-version 2.0.0 --overwrite "
}
}
参数介绍:
- name:应用名
- version: 版本号
- main:主进程入口js文件
- dependencies: 依赖模块
- scripts:可执行脚本,可在命令行执行
- 其他参数请参考 https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json
Electron使用main.js作为主进程启动入口,我们可以在其中渲染应用程序窗口及一些初始值,主要内容如下:
// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const {app, BrowserWindow} = require('electron')
// Keep a global reference of the window object, if you don't, the window will
// be closed automatically when the JavaScript object is garbage collected.
let mainWindow
function createWindow () {
// Create the browser window.
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({width: 800, height: 600})
// and load the index.html of the app.
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
// Open the DevTools.
// mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools()
// Emitted when the window is closed.
mainWindow.on('closed', function () {
// Dereference the window object, usually you would store windows
// in an array if your app supports multi windows, this is the time
// when you should delete the corresponding element.
mainWindow = null
})
}
// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on('ready', createWindow)
// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
// On OS X it is common for applications and their menu bar
// to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
app.quit()
}
})
app.on('activate', function () {
// On OS X it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
// dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
if (mainWindow === null) {
createWindow()
}
})
// In this file you can include the rest of your app's specific main process
// code. You can also put them in separate files and require them here.
Electron程序运行
- 进入项目目录中执行
npm start
- 项目目录中
electron #项目名
Electron程序打包
下载electron-packager
模块
cnpm install -g electron-packager
编辑项目中的package.json, 增加scripts中增加packager配置:
"scripts":{
"test": "start",
"start": "electron .",
"packager": "electron-packager ../electron-practice --all --out ./out-electron-practice --electron-version 2.0.0 --overwrite "
}
参数介绍:
- electron-packager:后跟要打包的程序
- out:输出目录
- electron-version:electron版本
- overwrite:存在代表每次打包都覆盖已存在的目录
进入项目目录内执行:
cnpm run-script packager