Python游戏利器pygame，疯狂赛车(34)

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今日主题

你玩过游戏吗？

你喜欢玩游戏吗？

手机游戏，电脑游戏，还是游戏机游戏？

pygame是一个跨平台Python库，pygame 作者是 Pete Shinners， 协议为 GNU Lesser General Public License。

pygame官网上有许多游戏，如下图：
 

咱们今天简单学习下pygame，了解用它做游戏的简单流程。

使用前，需要用pip安装下pygame库。

一、绘制窗口

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)


pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)


pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 800))
screen.fill(WHITE)
pygame.display.update()


while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()

2行：导入pygame库

3行：导入pygame库中的局部变量

5~7行：定义单个颜色RGB变量

9行：该函数在使用pygame时进行初始化，只有引用了该函数才能使用pygame提供的所用功能。

10行：实例化Clock对象

11行：设置每秒60帧，每秒更新不超过60次。

帧速率是指程序每秒在屏幕上绘制图像的数目，我们可以用FPS来表示它。

一般的计算机都能达到每秒60帧的速度。如果我们把帧速率讲得比较低，游戏会看上去较为卡顿。

pygame.time.Clock对象帮助我们确定程序要以多少最大的帧速率运行。

13行：设置窗口的名称

14行：设置游戏窗口大小

15行：设置窗口填充颜色

16行：刷新屏幕内容显示

18~23行：当玩家点击退出时才会退出，所以是一个循环结构。

19行：获取事件，比如鼠标、键盘等

20行：当用户点击了窗口的关闭，产生事件QUIT

21~22行：退出程序，pygame.quit()是pygame.init()函数的一种相反的函数，它运行的代码会使得Pygame库停止工作。在调用sys.exit()终止程序之前，总是应该先调用pygame.quit()。

23行：刷新屏幕

二、加载游戏界面

import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)


GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)


pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())


h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
    screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))
    screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)


    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()

1行：导入sys、os、random

9行：获取当前py文件所在路径

10行：当前py文件夹路径下的Images，此路径存放一些图片

16~18行：加载三张图像数据

(1).使用pygame.image.load()加载图像的数据

(2).使用游戏屏幕对象，调用blit方法将图像绘制到指定位置

(3).调用pygame.display.update()方法更新整个屏幕的显示

要在创建的窗口中按照指定要求显示图片，需要三个步骤：

19行：设置窗口大小

21~26行：设置player信息

精灵（sprite），一种能放在surface上的图片对象，可以进行移动、旋转、删除等操作。

创建sprite对象player，分别设置图像、大小、位置等。

31~34行：设置enemy信息

创建sprite对象enemy，分别设置图像、大小、位置等。

36~38行：使用游戏屏幕对象，调用blit方法将图像绘制到指定位置

三、动起来

import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from datetime import datetime


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)


moveSpeed = 5
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)


pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())


h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
    screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))


    screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
        player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
        if player.rect.left < 0:
            player.rect.left = 0


    if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
        player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
        if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
            player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()


    screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
    enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)
    if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
        hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
        hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
        h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
        v=0
        enemy.rect.center = (h, v)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()


    dt_obj = datetime.now()
    millisec = dt_obj.timestamp()
    print(millisec)

怎么让游戏动起来呢？

只需要修改两张汽车的照片位置即可，可以用键盘上的左右键控制汽车player的左右移动，另一辆汽车可以自动从上向下移动。

10行：变量moveSpeed用于定义汽车移动速度

41~45行：如果按下了键盘方向键左键，且坐标没有靠近最左边，使其向左移动，否则在窗口最左边不改变。

47~50行：如果按下了键盘方向键右键，且坐标没有靠近最右边，使其向右移动，否则在窗口最右边不改变。

53~59行：汽车enemy从上向下移动，如果移出窗口，则重新生成一个，位置在顶部，横坐标随机。

66~68行：打印时间信息，调试使用

四、碰撞检测

import sys, os, random
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from datetime import datetime


BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)


moveSpeed = 5
maxSpeed = 10
score = 0
GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")
def GameOver():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()
pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)


pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMY = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png"))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())


h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
v=0
enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
enemy.image = IMG_ENEMY
enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMY.get_size())
enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))
while True:
    pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车-得分 " + str(score))
    screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))


    screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
        player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
        if player.rect.left < 0:
            player.rect.left = 0


    if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
        player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
        if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
            player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()


    screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
    enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)
    if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
        hl=IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2
        hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMY.get_width()//2)
        h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
        v=0
        enemy.rect.center = (h, v)
        score += 1
        if moveSpeed < maxSpeed:
            moveSpeed += 1
    if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, enemy):
        GameOver()
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()


    # dt_obj = datetime.now()
    # millisec = dt_obj.timestamp()
    # print(millisec)

11行：对面汽车的最大速度

12行：定义变量用于保存玩家分数

15行：定义一个函数，当玩家汽车和对面汽车接触时退出游戏

43行：窗口标题栏会显示玩家当前的分数

66行：每躲过一个对面的小汽车时，分数加1

67~68行：每躲过一个对面的小汽车时，对面小汽车速度加1，直到最大值

69~70：检测两个精灵对象是否接触，如果接触，退出游戏

五、Game Over

import sys, os, random, time
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *




BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
RED   = (255, 0, 0)


startSpeed = 5
moveSpeed = startSpeed


maxSpeed = 10
score = 0


eNum = -1
paused = False


GAME_ROOT_FOLDER=os.path.dirname(__file__)
IMAGE_FOLDER=os.path.join(GAME_ROOT_FOLDER, "Images")


def GameOver():
    textFonts = ['comicsansms','arial']
    textSize = 48
    fontGameOver = pygame.font.SysFont(textFonts, textSize)
    textGameOver = fontGameOver.render("Game Over!", True, RED)
    rectGameOver = textGameOver.get_rect()
    rectGameOver.center = (IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2,
                           IMG_ROAD.get_height()//2)


    screen.fill(BLACK)
    screen.blit(textGameOver, rectGameOver)
    pygame.display.update()


    player.kill()
    enemy.kill()
    time.sleep(5)


    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()


pygame.init()
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
clock.tick(60)


pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车")
IMG_ROAD = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Road.png"))
IMG_PLAYER = pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Player.png"))
IMG_ENEMIES = []
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy2.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "Enemy3.png")))
IMG_ENEMIES.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join(IMAGE_FOLDER, "IceCube.png")))
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(IMG_ROAD.get_size())


h=IMG_ROAD.get_width()//2
v=IMG_ROAD.get_height() - (IMG_PLAYER.get_height()//2)
player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = IMG_PLAYER
player.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_PLAYER.get_size())
player.rect = player.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))


while True:
    pygame.display.set_caption("疯狂赛车-得分 " + str(score))
    screen.blit(IMG_ROAD, (0,0))


    screen.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    if eNum == -1:
        eNum = random.randrange(0, len(IMG_ENEMIES))
        hl=IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_width()//2
        hr=IMG_ROAD.get_width()-(IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_width()//2)
        h=random.randrange(hl, hr)
        v=0


        enemy = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
        enemy.image = IMG_ENEMIES[eNum]
        enemy.surf = pygame.Surface(IMG_ENEMIES[eNum].get_size())
        enemy.rect = enemy.surf.get_rect(center = (h, v))


    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
    if paused:
        if not keys[K_SPACE]:
            moveSpeed=tempSpeed
            paused=False
    else:
        if keys[K_LEFT] and player.rect.left > 0:
            player.rect.move_ip(-moveSpeed, 0)
            if player.rect.left < 0:
                player.rect.left = 0
        if keys[K_RIGHT] and player.rect.right < IMG_ROAD.get_width():
            player.rect.move_ip(moveSpeed, 0)
            if player.rect.right > IMG_ROAD.get_width():
                player.rect.right = IMG_ROAD.get_width()
        if keys[K_SPACE]:
            tempSpeed=moveSpeed
            moveSpeed=0
            paused=True


    screen.blit(enemy.image, enemy.rect)
    enemy.rect.move_ip(0, moveSpeed)


    if (enemy.rect.bottom > IMG_ROAD.get_height()):
        enemy.kill()
        eNum = -1
        score += 1
        moveSpeed += 1
        if moveSpeed < maxSpeed:
            moveSpeed += 1


    if eNum >= 0 and pygame.sprite.collide_rect(player, enemy):
        if eNum == 3:
            moveSpeed = startSpeed
        else:
            GameOver()
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
    pygame.display.update()

5行：开始速度

22~40行：将游戏结束时，显示Game Over

16行：对面汽车索引

17行：是否暂停

49~53行：对面障碍物，是四个图片中的一个，随机出现

68~78行：随机产生一个障碍物

81~84行：空格键松开时，恢复对面车的运动速度，游戏暂停结束

94~97行：空格键按下时，保存当前对面车的速度，游戏开始暂停

102~108行：当对面车移除游戏窗口时，销毁它

111~112行：当遇到特殊的车，速度降低到原始速度

源码

有朋友需要图片、源码等资源的话，可以点击阅读原文，然后输入6666

好了，我们今天就学到这里吧！

如果遇到什么问题，咱们多多交流，共同解决。

我是猫妹，咱们下次见！