面试必刷 SQL 经典题目

大家好，SQL语句在工作与面试时都必不可少，下面我整理了20道题目供大家练习，常见的使用方法和开窗函数都有涉及，来测测你的sql技能是否过关。

一、创建表

共有4个表，分别是学生信息表、课程表、老师信息表和成绩表。

1 学生信息表

--建表语句
CREATE TABLE Student (
  SID VARCHAR (10),
  Sname VARCHAR (10),
  Sage datetime,
  Ssex VARCHAR (10)
)

--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女')
INSERT INTO Student VALUES('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女')

2 课程表

--建表语句
CREATE TABLE Course (
  CID VARCHAR (10),
  Cname VARCHAR (10),
  TID VARCHAR (10)
)

--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('01' , '语文' , '02')
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('02' , '数学' , '01')
INSERT INTO Course VALUES('03' , '英语' , '03')

3 老师信息表

--建表语句
CREATE TABLE Teacher (
  TID VARCHAR (10),
  Tname varchar (10)
)

--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('01' , '张三')
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('02' , '李四')
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('03' , '王五')

4 成绩表

--建表语句
CREATE TABLE SC (
  SID VARCHAR (10),
  CID VARCHAR (10),
  score int (5)
)

--插入测试数据
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('01' , '01' , 80)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('01' , '02' , 90)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('01' , '03' , 99)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('02' , '01' , 70)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('02' , '02' , 60)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('02' , '03' , 80)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('03' , '01' , 80)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('03' , '02' , 80)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('03' , '03' , 80)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('04' , '01' , 50)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('04' , '02' , 30)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('04' , '03' , 20)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('05' , '01' , 76)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('05' , '02' , 87)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('06' , '01' , 31)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('06' , '03' , 34)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('07' , '02' , 89)
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('07' , '03' , 98)

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二、练习题

Q1：查询「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT
 count( * ) 李老师数据 
FROM
 teacher 
WHERE
 Tname LIKE '李%'

Q2：查询存在成绩的学生信息

--方法1：
SELECT DISTINCT
 s.* 
FROM
 sc g
 JOIN student s ON g.sid = s.sid 
WHERE
 g.score IS NOT NULL

--方法2：
SELECT
 * 
FROM
 student 
WHERE
 sid IN ( SELECT sid FROM sc WHERE sc.score IS NOT NULL )

Q3：查询不存在"01"课程但存在"02"课程的情况

SELECT
 * 
FROM
 sc 
WHERE
 cid = '02' 
 AND SID NOT IN ( SELECT SID FROM SC WHERE CID = '01' )

Q4：查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SELECT
 A.*,
 B.score 
FROM
 Student A
 JOIN ( SELECT * FROM SC WHERE CID = '01' ) B ON A.SID = B.SID
 JOIN ( SELECT * FROM SC WHERE CID = '02' ) C ON C.SID = B.SID 
WHERE
 B.score > C.score

Q5：查询存在"01"课程但可能不存在"02"课程的情况(不存在时显示为null)

SELECT
 * 
FROM
 student s
 JOIN ( SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid = '01' ) g1 ON s.SID = g1.sid
 LEFT JOIN ( SELECT * FROM sc WHERE cid = '02' ) g2 ON s.SID = g2.sid

Q6：查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT
 s.*,
 T.Tname 
FROM
 student s
 JOIN SC G ON S.SID = G.SID
 JOIN course C ON G.CID = C.CID
 JOIN teacher T ON C.TID = T.TID 
WHERE
 TNAME = '张三'

Q7：查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT
 s.Sname 
FROM
 student s 
WHERE
 sid NOT IN (
 SELECT
  g.sid 
 FROM
  sc g
  JOIN course c ON g.cid = c.cid
  JOIN teacher t ON t.tid = c.tid 
 WHERE
  t.tname = '张三' 
 )

Q8：查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT
 c.Sname,
 c.score,
 d.Cname 
FROM
 (
 SELECT
  a.sid,
  a.Sname,
  b.score,
  b.cid 
 FROM
  student a
  JOIN ( SELECT sid, cid, score FROM sc WHERE score > 70 ) b ON a.sid = b.sid 
 ) c
 JOIN course d ON d.cid = c.cid

Q9：查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分

SELECT
 cid,
 max( SCORE ),
 min( score ),
 AVG( SCORE ) 
FROM
 sc 
GROUP BY
 CID

Q10：查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为null)

SELECT
 s.SID,
 s.Sname,
 sum( g.score ),
 COUNT( g.cid ) 
FROM
 student s
 LEFT JOIN sc g ON s.sid = g.sid 
GROUP BY
 s.SID

Q11：查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

SELECT
 s.*,
 count( g.cid ) 
FROM
 student s
 JOIN sc g ON s.sid = g.SID 
GROUP BY
 s.sid 
HAVING
 count( g.cid ) < ( SELECT count( * ) FROM course)

Q12：检索"01"课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT
 s.*,
 g.score 
FROM
 student s
 RIGHT JOIN ( SELECT sid, score FROM sc WHERE score < 60 AND cid = '01' ) g ON s.sid = g.SID 
ORDER BY
 g.score DESC

Q13：查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT
 sid,
 sname 
FROM
 student 
WHERE
 sid IN ( SELECT sid FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING count( CID ) = 2 )

Q14：查询平均成绩大于等于85分的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
 a.*,
 b.平均成绩 
FROM
 student a
 JOIN ( SELECT sid, avg( score ) 平均成绩 FROM sc GROUP BY sid HAVING avg( score ) >= 85 ) b ON a.sid = b.sid

Q15：查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

SELECT
 * 
FROM
 student a
 JOIN (
 SELECT
  g.sid,
  c.Cname,
  g.score 
 FROM
  sc g
  JOIN course c ON g.cid = c.cid 
 WHERE
  c.Cname = '数学' 
  AND g.score < 60 
 ) b ON a.SID = b.SId

Q16：按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT
 SID,
 avg( score ),
 MAX( CASE WHEN CID = '01' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) '01',
 MAX( CASE WHEN CID = '02' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) '02',
 MAX( CASE WHEN CID = '03' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) '03' 
FROM
 sc 
GROUP BY
 SID 
ORDER BY
 avg( score ) DESC

Q17：展示每位同学的各科成绩，并将各科成绩排名

SELECT
 *,
 RANK ( ) over ( PARTITION BY sid ORDER BY score DESC ) 排名 
FROM
 SC

Q18：查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名

SELECT
 sid,
 a.总成绩,
 rank ( ) over ( ORDER BY a.总成绩 DESC ) 总成绩排名 
FROM
 ( SELECT SID, sum( score ) 总成绩 FROM sc GROUP BY sid ) a

Q19：查询各科成绩前三名的记录

SELECT
 * 
FROM
 ( SELECT CID, score, RANK ( ) OVER ( PARTITION BY CID ORDER BY SCORE DESC ) 排名 FROM SC ) a 
WHERE
 a.排名 <4

Q20：查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名

SELECT
 a.* 
FROM
 ( SELECT cid, score, rank ( ) over ( PARTITION BY cid ORDER BY score DESC ) 排名 FROM sc ) a 
WHERE
 a.排名 <= 2