Nginx系列-1.Linux下安装Nginx

Nginx系列-1.Linux下安装Nginx

目录 - Nginx系列

Nginx系列-1.Linux下安装Nginx
Nginx系列-2.配置LNMP（Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP）架构
Nginx系列-3.配置Nginx虚拟主机
Nginx系列-4.Nginx日志配置及日志切割
Nginx系列-5.配置Nginx的防盗链
Nginx系列-6.配置Nginx的HTTPS
Nginx系列-7.配置Nginx使用uwsgi支持web.py框架
Nginx系列-8.配置Nginx+Apache实现动静分离
Nginx系列-9.配置NFS实现Nginx实现动静分离
Nginx系列-10.采用Nginx搭建正向代理服务
Nginx系列-11.配置Nginx反向代理和负载均衡

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实验环境
一台最小化的 CentOS 7.3 虚拟机

A. 源码方式安装Nginx

一、安装Nginx

1. 安装Nginx依赖包

   yum install -y pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel wget gcc tree vim

   

   Nginx依赖于pcre、zlib、openssl,在编译前配置时如果有问题
   可以使用yum方式安装三个包（pcre-devel、zlib-devel、openssl-devel）

2. 从Nginx官网下载Nginx源码包

   wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

   

3. 解压Nginx源码包到/root/nginx，并查看Nginx源文件结构

   tar -xzvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

   

4. 在/root/nginx目录进行编译前配置

   cd /root/nginx*
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module

   

5. 在/root/nginx目录执行编译安装

   make && make install

   

二、启动Nginx

1. 进入到安装目录/usr/local/nginx，查看目录结构

   cd /usr/local/nginx
   pwd
   ls

   

2. 启动Nginx

   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

3. 查看Nginx进程是否启动

   ps aux | grep nginx

   

4. 查看Nginx占用的端口号

   netstat -tlnp

   

5. 使用本地主机访问虚拟机上的Nginx服务器

   如果从本地主机无法访问Nginx，请检查虚拟机防火墙配置
   CentOS 关闭SELinux（setenforce 0）
   CentOS6.x 关闭防火墙（service iptables stop）
   CentOS7.x 关闭防火墙（systemctl stop firewalld）
   

三、停止Nginx

停止Nginx的三种方式

# 1. 立即停止Nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

# 2.完成当前任务后停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit

# 3.杀死Nginx进程
killall nginx

四、把Nginx命令添加到环境变量

1. 使用软连接将nginx链接到/usr/local/sbin

   ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin
   ll /usr/local/sbin/ | grep "nginx"

   

2. 显示当前环境变量PATH

   echo $PATH

3. 编辑.bash_profile文件

   vim ~/.bash_profile

   在.bash_profile文件末尾加入以下内容

   export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin

   

4. 引用.bash_profile文件

   source ~/.bash_profile

5. 使用nginx命令

   # 启动nginx
   nginx
   # 停止nginx
   nginx -s quit

五、把nginx添加到系统服务

• 创建并编辑文件/root/service-nginx.sh

#!/bin/sh
#
# filename: service-nginx.sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

#NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   if [ -n "$user" ]; then
      if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
         useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
      fi
      options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
      for opt in $options; do
          if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
              value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
              if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
                  # echo "creating" $value
                  mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
              fi
          fi
       done
    fi
}

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac
# END

1. 用/root/service-nginx.sh替换/etc/init.d/nginx

   mv /root/service-nginx.sh /etc/init.d/nginx

2. 赋予可执行限权

   chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx

3. 执行

   systemctl start nginx

六、源码方式安装nginx，自动化安装脚本

#!/bin/bash

# installation configuration
NGINX_VERSION=1.12.2
NGINX_SRC_PATH=/root
NGINX_BIN_PATH=/usr/local/nginx

# disable firewall
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

# installation dependence
yum install -y pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel wget gcc

# download nginx source package
cd ${NGINX_SRC_PATH}
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz

# unzip source package
tar -xzvf nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz
cd ./nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}

# install nginx
./configure --prefix=${NGINX_BIN_PATH} --with-http_ssl_module
make & make install

# start nginx service
cd ${NGINX_BIN_PATH}/sbin
./nginx

# END

B. yum方式安装Nginx

1. 安装EPEL

   yum install epel-* -y

2. 安装nginx

   yum install -y nginx