传统解法
用全量备份重搭实例，再利用增量binlog备份，恢复到误操作之前的状态。然后跳过误操作的SQL，再继续应用binlog。
利用binlog2sql快速闪回
首先，确认你的MySQL server开启了binlog，设置了以下参数:
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
max_binlog_size = 100M
binlog-format = row
如果没有开启binlog，也没有预先生成回滚SQL，那真的无法快速回滚了。对存放重要业务数据的MySQL，强烈建议开启binlog。
随后，安装开源工具binlog2sql。binlog2sql是一款简单易用的binlog解析工具，其中一个功能就是生成回滚SQL。
shell> git clone https://github.com/danfengcao/binlog2sql.git
shell> pip install -r requirements.txt
然后，我们就可以生成回滚SQL了。
背景：小明在20点多时误删了test库tbl表整张表的数据，需要紧急回滚。
| test库tbl表原有数据 |
|||
| mysql> select * from tbl; |
|||
| +---- |
+-------- |
+--------------------- |
+ |
| | id | name | addtime |
| |
||
| +---- |
+-------- |
+--------------------- |
+ |
| 1 | 小赵 | 2016-12-10 00:04:33 |
| 2 | 小钱 | 2016-12-10 00:04:48 |
| 3 | 小孙 | 2016-12-13 20:25:00 |
| 4 | 小李 | 2016-12-12 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from tbl;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
20:28时，tbl表误操作被清空
mysql> select * from tbl;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
恢复数据步骤：
1、登录mysql，查看目前的binlog文件
mysql> show master status;
| +------------------ |
+----------- |
+ |
| | Log_name |
| File_size | |
|
| +------------------ |
+----------- |
+ |
| | mysql-bin.000051 | |
967 | |
|
| | mysql-bin.000052 | |
965 | |
|
| +------------------ |
+----------- |
+ |
2、最新的binlog文件是mysql-bin.000052，我们再定位误操作SQL的binlog位置。误操作人只能知道大致的误操作时间，我们根据大致时间过滤数据。
shell> python binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttbl --start-file='mysql-bin.000052' --start-datetime='2016-12-13 20:25:00' --stop-datetime='2016-12-13 20:30:00' 输出：
INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-13 20:25:00', 3, '小孙'); #start 4 end 290 time 2016-12-13 20:25:46 INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-13 20:26:00', 4, '小李'); #start 317 end 487 time 2016-12-13 20:26:26
UPDATE `test`.`tbl` SET `addtime`='2016-12-12 00:00:00', `id`=4, `name`='小李' WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-13 20:26:00' AND `id`=4 AND `name`='小李' LIMIT 1; #start 514 end 701 time 2016-12-13 20:27:07
DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 00:04:33' AND `id`=1 AND `name`='小赵' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-10 00:04:48' AND `id`=2 AND `name`='小钱' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-13 20:25:00' AND `id`=3 AND `name`='小孙' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
DELETE FROM `test`.`tbl` WHERE `addtime`='2016-12-12 00:00:00' AND `id`=4 AND `name`='小李' LIMIT 1; #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
3、我们得到了误操作sql的准确位置在728-938之间，再根据位置进一步过滤，使用flashback模式生成回滚sql，检查回滚sql是否正确
shell> python binlog2sql/binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttbl --start-file='mysql-bin.000052' --start-pos=3346 --end-pos=3556 -B 输出：
INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-12 00:00:00', 4, '小李'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-13 20:25:00', 3, '小孙'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 00:04:48', 2, '小钱'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
INSERT INTO `test`.`tbl`(`addtime`, `id`, `name`) VALUES ('2016-12-10 00:04:33', 1, '小赵'); #start 728 end 938 time 2016-12-13 20:28:05
确认回滚sql正确，执行回滚语句。登录mysql确认，数据回滚成功。
shell> python binlog2sql.py -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin' -dtest -ttbl --start-file='mysql-bin.000052' --start-pos=3346 --end-pos=3556 -B | mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uadmin -p'admin'
| mysql> select * from tbl; |
|||
| +---- |
+-------- |
+--------------------- |
+ |
| | id | name |
| addtime |
| |
|
| +---- |
+-------- |
+--------------------- |
+ |
| 1 | 小赵 | 2016-12-10 00:04:33 |
| 2 | 小钱 | 2016-12-10 00:04:48 |
| 3 | 小孙 | 2016-12-13 20:25:00 |
| 4 | 小李 | 2016-12-12 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+---------------------+