Linux centos无错快速安装mysql，忽略初始密码配置超牛流程

一、yum安装

新版本（亲测多次使用，没问题）

下载mysql的yum仓库文件

[root@localhost /]#wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装mysql源

[root@localhost /]yum -y install mysql mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装Mysql

yum -y install mysql-community-server

最后一行出现报错：mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.41-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
所以要导入公钥（如果是mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm版本，就不需要这一步）

[root@localhost /]rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

再次安装

[root@localhost /]yum -y install mysql-community-server

二、开启mysql服务

启动mysql

[root@localhost /]systemctl start mysqld.service

设置mysql自启动

[root@localhost /]systemctl enable mysqld.service
mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 四 2019-12-12 17:00:00 CST; 20s ago

查看MySQL运行状态：

[root@localhost /]status mysqld.service 

只要出现 active(running) ，就表示正在运行

或者这个也可以

[root@localhost /]ps aux|grep mysql

三、配置

注意要开启主机电脑mysql服务!

端口放行

为了保证外网能访问mysql，能使用navicat连接云服务器，需要设置防火墙，确保防火墙放行mysql的端口号
开启防火墙：

[root@localhost /]systemctl start firewalld

添加防火墙放行端口号：mysql端口，默认3306

[root@localhost /]firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

查看端口开放情况：

[root@localhost /]firewall-cmd --list-ports 

如果是阿里云云服务器，还需要在控制台安全组添加出入口放行规则

查看修改配置

查看mysql位置：

[root@localhost /]which mysqld 

使用上面命令查到的目录，查看mysql使用的配置文件默认路径

[root@localhost /]/usr/sbin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep -A 1 'Default options' 

编辑一些配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

1、自定义端口：加 port=端口号
2、远程连接数据库运行报错：
》》要在配置文件里面加

sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

3、character-set-server=utf8mb4
。。。

四、密码设置

①通过命令在日志文件中找出密码：

查找初始密码

[root@localhost /]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

这里密码就是7IB<p#rpwC(u

登录

[root@localhost /]# mysql -uroot -p

回车输入上述密码，回车确定

进入mysql，开始修改密码
** 注意每条命令后都要加分号 **

mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1AB<p#rpwC(y'; 

或者

set password for root@localhost = password('1AB<p#rpwC(y')

这里设置用户名为root的密码，密码为1AB<p#rpwC(y
需要设置复杂密码，不想设置复杂密码，可以更改安全级别

刷新配置，保证立即生效

mysql>flush privileges;

②免密设置密码 （此版本下待测）：

1、编辑 my.cnf文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]的

…
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

下添加 skip-grant-tables

:wq保存退出

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-grant-tables

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
...

重启mysql服务，使配置生效

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

2、无密码登录mysql（输入用户名直接按回车）

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.46 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

3、通过更改密码设置密码
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(‘想要设置的密码’) where user=‘用户名’;

mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('rootp') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

“不重启MySQL服务”的情况下直接生效
将当前user和privilige表中的用户信息、权限设置从MySQL数据库的内置库中提取到内存里。

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

退出

mysql> quit;
Bye

4、修改my.cnf，恢复配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

删除之前在[mysqld]里插入的skip-grant-tables

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
...

重启mysql服务，配置生效

[root@localhost /]# systemctl restart mysqld

5、登录验证
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
回车后输入刚才配置的密码 rootp