一、url的分发练习
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("首页")
def add(request): #add视图函数
return HttpResponse("add")
def list_view(request): #list_view视图函数
return HttpResponse("list_view")
def change(request,id): #change视图函数
return HttpResponse("change")
def delete(request,id): #delete视图函数
return HttpResponse("delete")
def get_urls2(): #url的二级分发函数
temp=[
url("^add/$",add),
url("^$",list_view),
url("^(\d+)/change/$",change),
url("^(\d+)/delete/$",delete),
]
return temp
def get_urls():
temp=[]
for model,model_class_obj in admin.site._registry.items(): # 模型类:该模型类的配置类对象 {Book:ModelAdmin(Book),Publish:ModelAdmn(Publish),....}
app_name=model._meta.app_label #得到应用名
model_name=model._meta.model_name
temp.append(url(r"%s/%s/"%(app_name,model_name),(get_urls2(),None,None))) #url做分发，后面跟元组，元组第一项为一个列表
return temp
from stark.service.sites import site
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r"^stark",(get_urls(),None,None))
]
二、实现stark组件
app01应用的models.py文件：
from django.db import models class Author(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name=models.CharField( max_length=32) age=models.IntegerField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Publish(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name=models.CharField( max_length=32) city=models.CharField( max_length=32) email=models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return self.name class Book(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True,verbose_name="编号") title = models.CharField( max_length=32,verbose_name="名称") publishDate=models.DateField() price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2,verbose_name="价格") # 与Publish建立一对多的关系,外键字段建立在多的一方 publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 与Author表建立多对多的关系,ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个，自动创建第三张表 authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',) def __str__(self): return self.title #执行下面python语句生成相关表（数据迁移） # python3 manage.py makemigrations # python3 manage.py migrate
项目下的settings.py文件设置：
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app01.apps.App01Config', "app02.apps.App02Config", "stark.apps.StarkConfig", ] STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATICFILES_DIRS=[ os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static") ]
项目的urls.py文件：
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from stark.service.sites import site urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^stark/', site.urls), #模拟admin的实现方式，在stark目录后面进行分发 ]
app01应用的stark.py文件对app01的应用表进行注册：
from stark.service.sites import site,ModelStark from app01.models import Book from app01.models import Publish from app01.models import Author class BookConfig(ModelStark): # def display_authors(self, obj=None,is_header=False): #显示多对多字段,单独定义函数实现方式 # # if is_header: # return "作者" # s=[] # for author in obj.authors.all(): # s.append(author.name) # # return " ".join(s) list_display = ["nid","title","price","publish","authors",] # list_display = ["nid","title","price","publish",display_authors] site.register(Book,BookConfig) site.register(Publish) site.register(Author)
项目下的stark目录下apps.py定义执行各个应用的stark.py：
from django.apps import AppConfig
from django.utils.module_loading import autodiscover_modules
class StarkConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'stark'
def ready(self):
autodiscover_modules('stark') # 执行每一个app下的stark.py
项目下的stark目录下service目录下sites.py定义对用户访问url的分发：
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
class ModelStark(): #将增，删，改，查写到ModelStark类中，这样谁调用类中的功能，self.model就是用户访问的表
list_display = ["__str__", ]
def __init__(self, model, site):
self.model = model
self.site = site
def edit(self, obj=None, is_header=False):
if is_header:
return "操作" #表头返回 "操作"
return mark_safe("<a href='%s/change'>编辑</a>" % obj.pk) #mark_safe会识别返回的html标签
def delete(self, obj=None, is_header=False):
if is_header:
return "操作"
return mark_safe("<a href='%s/delete'>删除</a>" % obj.pk)
def checkbox(self, obj=None, is_header=False):
if is_header:
return "选择"
return mark_safe("<input type='checkbox' pk=%s>" % obj.pk) #在对应位置显示多选框
def add(self, request):
return HttpResponse("add")
def new_list_display(self): #新的显示样式，这样所有表的显示都有多选框，编辑和删除操作
temp = []
temp.append(ModelStark.checkbox)
temp.extend(self.list_display)
temp.append(ModelStark.edit)
temp.append(ModelStark.delete)
return temp
def list_view(self, request):
print(self.model)
data_list = self.model.objects.all()
print("list_display", self.list_display) # ["nid","title","price",edit]
# 处理表头
header_list = []
for field in self.new_list_display():
if isinstance(field, str): #判断field是字符串类型
if field == "__str__": #字段是__str__
val = self.model._meta.model_name.upper() #表头显示表名的大写字母
else:
field_obj = self.model._meta.get_field(field)
val = field_obj.verbose_name #得到字段的verbose_name，定义后可以显示中文
else:
val = field(self, is_header=True) #field是函数，执行函数
header_list.append(val)
# 处理表单数据
new_data_list = []
for obj in data_list:
temp = []
for field in self.new_list_display(): # ["nid","title","price","authors",edit] ['__str__'] ["title","price"]
if isinstance(field, str):
try:
from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyField
field_obj = self.model._meta.get_field(field) #得到field的字段对象
if isinstance(field_obj, ManyToManyField): #判断是多对多关系的字段
l = []
for i in getattr(obj, field).all(): #.all()得到所有的对象，否则none
l.append(str(i))
val = ",".join(l)
else:
val = getattr(obj, field)
print("val", val)
except Exception as e:
val = getattr(obj, field) #反射，取到字段名
else:
val = field(self, obj)
temp.append(val)
new_data_list.append(temp)
return render(request, "list_view.html", locals())
def change(self, request, id):
return HttpResponse("change")
def delete_view(self, request, id):
return HttpResponse("delete_view")
def get_urls2(self):
temp = [
url("^add/$", self.add),
url("^$", self.list_view),
url("^(\d+)/change/$", self.change),
url("^(\d+)/delete/$", self.delete_view),
]
return temp
@property
def urls2(self):
return self.get_urls2(), None, None
class StarkSite():
def __init__(self, ):
self._registry = {}
# 一级分发
def get_urls(self):
temp = []
for model, model_class_obj in self._registry.items(): # {Book:ModelAdmin(Book),Publish:ModelAdmn(Publish),....}
app_name = model._meta.app_label
model_name = model._meta.model_name
temp.append(url(r"%s/%s/" % (app_name, model_name), model_class_obj.urls2)) #接着二级分发
return temp
@property
def urls(self):
return self.get_urls(), None, None
def register(self, model, admin_class=None, **options):
if not admin_class:
admin_class = ModelStark
self._registry[model] = admin_class(model, self)
site = StarkSite()
list_view.html页面：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bs/css/bootstrap.css">
</head>
<body>
<h3>查看数据</h3>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
{% for foo in header_list %}
<th>{{ foo }}</th>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for new_data in new_data_list %}
<tr>
{% for foo in new_data %}
<td>{{ foo }}</td>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
三、显示多对多字段的另一种方法
stark.py注册表时自定义函数：
class BookConfig(ModelStark): def display_authors(self, obj=None,is_header=False): #显示多对多字段 if is_header: return "作者" s=[] for author in obj.authors.all(): s.append(author.name) return " ".join(s) list_display = ["nid","title","price","publish",display_authors]
sites.py里面的ModelStark类定义的list_view
def list_view(self, request):
print(self.model)
data_list = self.model.objects.all()
print("list_display", self.list_display) # ["nid","title","price",edit]
# 处理表头
# header_list=["ID","名称","价格"]
header_list=[]
for field in self.new_list_display():
if isinstance(field,str):
if field=="__str__":
val=self.model._meta.model_name.upper()
else:
field_obj=self.model._meta.get_field(field)
val=field_obj.verbose_name
else:
val=field(self,is_header=True)
header_list.append(val)
# 处理表单数据
new_data_list = []
for obj in data_list:
temp = []
for field in self.new_list_display(): # ["nid","title","price","authors",edit] ['__str__'] ["title","price"]
if isinstance(field,str):
val = getattr(obj, field)
else:
val=field(self,obj)
temp.append(val)
new_data_list.append(temp)
页面显示效果图：
