一、MD5的概念
MD5即Message-Digest Algorithm 5（信息-摘要算法5），用于确保信息传输完整一致。是计算机广泛使用的杂凑算法之一（又译摘要算法、哈希算法）。将数据（如汉字）运算为另一固定长度值，是杂凑算法的基础原理。
二、MD5的处理步骤：
MD5以512位分组来处理输入文本，每一分组又划分为16个32位子分组。算法的输出由四个32位分组组成，将它们级联形成一个128位散列值。
①如果输入信息的长度(bit)对512求余的结果不等于448，就需要填充使得对512求余的结果等于448。填充的方法是填充一个1和n个0。填充完后，信息的长度就为N*512+448(bit)
也就是说我们将一组信息分成n个（512位）组，每组的计算都要引入前一组的结果值，这样就保证了所有的文本都参与了实际运算。
②记录信息长度：用64位来存储填充前信息长度。这64位加在第一步结果的后面，这样信息长度就变为N*512+448+64=(N+1)*512位，这也解释了为什么第一步要求余448，因为要用最后的64位来存储填充信 息长度
③初始的128位值为初试链接变量，这些参数用于第一轮的运算，以大端字节序来表示，他们分别为： A=0x01234567，B=0x89ABCDEF，C=0xFEDCBA98，D=0x76543210。
每一个变量给出的数值是高字节存于内存低地址，低字节存于内存高地址，即大端字节序。在程序中变量A、B、C、D的值分别为0x67452301，0xEFCDAB89，0x98BADCFE，0x10325476
④处理分组数据
每一分组的算法流程如下：第一分组需要将上面四个链接变量复制到另外四个变量中：A到a，B到b，C到c，D到d。从第二分组开始的变量为上一分组的运算结果，即A = a， B = b， C = c， D = d。主循环 有四轮（MD4只有三轮），每轮循环都很相似。第一轮进行16次操作。每次操作对a、b、c和d中的其中三个作一次非线性函数运算，然后将所得结果加上第四个变量，文本的一个子分组和一个常数。再将所 得结果向左环移一个不定的数，并加上a、b、c或d中之一。最后用该结果取代a、b、c或d中之一。
⑤输出a、b、c和d的级联。
三、特点
1、压缩性：任意长度的数据，算出的MD5值长度都是固定的。
2、容易计算：从原数据计算出MD5值很容易。
3、抗修改性：对原数据进行任何改动，哪怕只修改1个字节，所得到的MD5值都有很大区别。
4、强抗碰撞：已知原数据和其MD5值，想找到一个具有相同MD5值的数据（即伪造数据）是非常困难的。
四、MD5计算MD5值
md5.h
#pragma once
#ifndef MD5_H
#define MD5_H
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
/* Type define */
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned long ulong;
using std::string;
using std::ifstream;
/* MD5 declaration. */
class MD5 {
public:
MD5();
MD5(const void *input, size_t length);
MD5(const string &str);
MD5(ifstream &in);
void update(const void *input, size_t length);
void update(const string &str);
void update(ifstream &in);
const byte* digest();
string toString();
void reset();
private:
void update(const byte *input, size_t length);
void final();
void transform(const byte block[64]);
void encode(const ulong *input, byte *output, size_t length);
void decode(const byte *input, ulong *output, size_t length);
string bytesToHexString(const byte *input, size_t length);
/* class uncopyable */
MD5(const MD5&);
MD5& operator=(const MD5&);
private:
ulong _state[4]; /* state (ABCD) */
ulong _count[2]; /* number of bits, modulo 2^64 (low-order word first) */
byte _buffer[64]; /* input buffer */
byte _digest[16]; /* message digest */
bool _finished; /* calculate finished ? */
static const byte PADDING[64]; /* padding for calculate */
static const char HEX[16];
static const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
};
#endif/*MD5_H*/md5.cpp
#include "md5.h"
using namespace std;
/* Constants for MD5Transform routine. */
#define S11 7
#define S12 12
#define S13 17
#define S14 22
#define S21 5
#define S22 9
#define S23 14
#define S24 20
#define S31 4
#define S32 11
#define S33 16
#define S34 23
#define S41 6
#define S42 10
#define S43 15
#define S44 21
/* F, G, H and I are basic MD5 functions.
*/
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))
/* ROTATE_LEFT rotates x left n bits.
*/
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
/* FF, GG, HH, and II transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation.
*/
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += F ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += G ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += H ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) { \
(a) += I ((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + ac; \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT ((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
const byte MD5::PADDING[64] = { 0x80 };
const char MD5::HEX[16] = {
'0', '1', '2', '3',
'4', '5', '6', '7',
'8', '9', 'a', 'b',
'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'
};
/* Default construct. */
MD5::MD5() {
reset();
}
/* Construct a MD5 object with a input buffer. */
MD5::MD5(const void *input, size_t length) {
reset();
update(input, length);
}
/* Construct a MD5 object with a string. */
MD5::MD5(const string &str) {
reset();
update(str);
}
/* Construct a MD5 object with a file. */
MD5::MD5(ifstream &in) {
reset();
update(in);
}
/* Return the message-digest */
const byte* MD5::digest() {
if (!_finished) {
_finished = true;
final();
}
return _digest;
}
/* Reset the calculate state */
void MD5::reset() {
_finished = false;
/* reset number of bits. */
_count[0] = _count[1] = 0;
/* Load magic initialization constants. */
_state[0] = 0x67452301;
_state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
_state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
_state[3] = 0x10325476;
}
/* Updating the context with a input buffer. */
void MD5::update(const void *input, size_t length) {
update((const byte*)input, length);
}
/* Updating the context with a string. */
void MD5::update(const string &str) {
update((const byte*)str.c_str(), str.length());
}
/* Updating the context with a file. */
void MD5::update(ifstream &in) {
if (!in)
return;
std::streamsize length;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
while (!in.eof()) {
in.read(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
length = in.gcount();
if (length > 0)
update(buffer, length);
}
in.close();
}
/* MD5 block update operation. Continues an MD5 message-digest
operation, processing another message block, and updating the
context.
*/
void MD5::update(const byte *input, size_t length) {
ulong i, index, partLen;
_finished = false;
/* Compute number of bytes mod 64 */
index = (ulong)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
/* update number of bits */
if ((_count[0] += ((ulong)length << 3)) < ((ulong)length << 3))
_count[1]++;
_count[1] += ((ulong)length >> 29);
partLen = 64 - index;
/* transform as many times as possible. */
if (length >= partLen) {
memcpy(&_buffer[index], input, partLen);
transform(_buffer);
for (i = partLen; i + 63 < length; i += 64)
transform(&input[i]);
index = 0;
}
else {
i = 0;
}
/* Buffer remaining input */
memcpy(&_buffer[index], &input[i], length - i);
}
/* MD5 finalization. Ends an MD5 message-_digest operation, writing the
the message _digest and zeroizing the context.
*/
void MD5::final() {
byte bits[8];
ulong oldState[4];
ulong oldCount[2];
ulong index, padLen;
/* Save current state and count. */
memcpy(oldState, _state, 16);
memcpy(oldCount, _count, 8);
/* Save number of bits */
encode(_count, bits, 8);
/* Pad out to 56 mod 64. */
index = (ulong)((_count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
update(PADDING, padLen);
/* Append length (before padding) */
update(bits, 8);
/* Store state in digest */
encode(_state, _digest, 16);
/* Restore current state and count. */
memcpy(_state, oldState, 16);
memcpy(_count, oldCount, 8);
}
/* MD5 basic transformation. Transforms _state based on block. */
void MD5::transform(const byte block[64]) {
ulong a = _state[0], b = _state[1], c = _state[2], d = _state[3], x[16];
decode(block, x, 64);
/* Round 1 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */
/* Round 2 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */
/* Round 3 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */
/* Round 4 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
_state[0] += a;
_state[1] += b;
_state[2] += c;
_state[3] += d;
}
/* Encodes input (ulong) into output (byte). Assumes length is
a multiple of 4.
*/
void MD5::encode(const ulong *input, byte *output, size_t length) {
for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; i++, j += 4) {
output[j] = (byte)(input[i] & 0xff);
output[j + 1] = (byte)((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
output[j + 2] = (byte)((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
output[j + 3] = (byte)((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
}
}
/* Decodes input (byte) into output (ulong). Assumes length is
a multiple of 4.
*/
void MD5::decode(const byte *input, ulong *output, size_t length) {
for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; j < length; i++, j += 4) {
output[i] = ((ulong)input[j]) | (((ulong)input[j + 1]) << 8) |
(((ulong)input[j + 2]) << 16) | (((ulong)input[j + 3]) << 24);
}
}
/* Convert byte array to hex string. */
string MD5::bytesToHexString(const byte *input, size_t length) {
string str;
str.reserve(length << 1);
for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int t = input[i];
int a = t / 16;
int b = t % 16;
str.append(1, HEX[a]);
str.append(1, HEX[b]);
}
return str;
}
/* Convert digest to string value */
string MD5::toString() {
return bytesToHexString(digest(), 16);
}
test.cpp
#include "md5.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void PrintMD5(const string &str, MD5 &md5) {
cout << "MD5(\"" << str << "\") = " << md5.toString() << endl;
}
string FileDigest(const string &file) {
ifstream in(file.c_str(), ios::binary);
if (!in)
return "";
MD5 md5;
std::streamsize length;
char buffer[1024];
while (!in.eof()) {
in.read(buffer, 1024);
length = in.gcount();
if (length > 0)
md5.update(buffer, length);
}
in.close();
return md5.toString();
}
int main()
{
if (FileDigest("D:\\1.2.txt") == FileDigest("E:\\1.2.txt"))
{
cout << "Identical\n"; //相同
}
else
{
cout << "Disaffinity\n"; //不相同
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}