CentOS防火墙操作：开启端口、开启、关闭、配置

一、基本使用

启动： systemctl start firewalld
关闭： systemctl stop firewalld
查看状态： systemctl status firewalld
开机禁用 ： systemctl disable firewalld
开机启用 ： systemctl enable firewalld

systemctl是CentOS7的服务管理工具中主要的工具，它融合之前service和chkconfig的功能于一体
启动一个服务：systemctl start firewalld.service
关闭一个服务：systemctl stop firewalld.service
重启一个服务：systemctl restart firewalld.service
显示一个服务的状态：systemctl status firewalld.service
在开机时启用一个服务：systemctl enable firewalld.service
在开机时禁用一个服务：systemctl disable firewalld.service
查看服务是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
查看已启动的服务列表：systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled
查看启动失败的服务列表：systemctl --failed

二、 配置firewalld-cmd

查看版本： firewall-cmd --version
查看帮助： firewall-cmd --help
显示状态： firewall-cmd --state
查看所有打开的端口： firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
更新防火墙规则： firewall-cmd --reload
查看区域信息: firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
查看指定接口所属区域： firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=eth0
拒绝所有包：firewall-cmd --panic-on
取消拒绝状态： firewall-cmd --panic-off
查看是否拒绝： firewall-cmd --query-panic

三、开启防火墙端口

比如，需打开防火墙80和3306端口

步骤1：设置开放的端口号

firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=3060/tcp --permanent

–permanent永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效

步骤2：重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

步骤3：查看开放端口号

firewall-cmd --list-all

四、docker 端口

  

1.查询容器的端口

docker ps --format "table { {.ID}}\t{ {.Names}}\t{ {.Ports}}" 

2..容器端口映射,删除容器的映射

一、安装sshd服务

进入容器

[root@node01 ~]# docker exec -it c00dfd401fa3 bash

安装sshd服务

[root@test /]# yum install -y openssh-server

启动并允许sshd自动启动

[root@test /]# systemctl start sshd

[root@test /]# systemctl enable sshd

二、增加sshd使用的22映射端口

1.关闭容器

[root@node01 ~]# docker stop c00dfd401fa3

2.关闭docker服务

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop docker

3.获取container_id

[root@node01 ~]# docker inspect c00dfd401fa3 | grep Id

        "Id": "c00dfd401fa3e907f266695c60d823671caff3ff3ef422152a226064f4342ef8",

4.修改容器配置文件hostconfig.json

vi /var/lib/docker/containers/c00dfd401fa3e907f266695c60d823671caff3ff3ef422152a226064f4342ef8/hostconfig.json

修改配置项"PortBindings":{}为"PortBindings":{ "22/tcp":[{ "HostIp":"","HostPort":"10022"}]}

5.修改容器配置文件hostconfig.json

vi /var/lib/docker/containers/c00dfd401fa3e907f266695c60d823671caff3ff3ef422152a226064f4342ef8/config.v2.json

修改配置项"ExposedPorts":{}为"ExposedPorts":{ "22/tcp":{}}

6.启动docker服务

[root@node01 ~]# systemctl start docker

7.启动容器

[root@node01 ~]# docker start c00dfd401fa3

8.验证连接容器

外部网络通过10022端口连接容器

C:\Users\yang>ssh [email protected] -p 10022

The authenticity of host '[192.168.162.128]:10022 ([192.168.162.128]:10022)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:DcwfgepkosH8q1N8Kp8XD0iNFL8h1sVKO0Al2Bs4hiE.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes

Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.162.128]:10022' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]'s password:

Last login: Sun Oct 24 04:34:08 2021 from gateway

[root@test ~]#

容器所在的宿主机连接容器

[root@node01 ~]# ssh [email protected] -p 22

[email protected]'s password:

Last login: Sun Oct 24 04:34:02 2021 from 192.168.162.1