Vue--1.4Vue指令

Vue会根据不同的指令,针对标签实现不同的功能。

指令:带有v-前缀的特殊标签属性

v-前缀="表达式"

1.v-html

作用:动态解析标签innerHTML

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div v-html="msg"></div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            msg:'<a href="http://www.itheima.com">黑马程序员</a>'
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

2.v-show

作用:控制元素显示隐藏

语法:v-show=“表达式” 表达式值true显示,false隐藏

原理:从css角度进行了隐藏,添加了display:none;

场景:频繁切换显示隐藏的场景

3.v-if

作用:控制元素显示隐藏(条件渲染)

语法:v-if=“表达式” 表达式值true显示,false隐藏

场景:要么显示,要么隐藏,不频繁切换的场景

4.v-else v-else-if

作用:辅助v-if进行判断渲染

语法:v-else v-else-if=“表达式”

注意:需要紧挨着v-if一起使用

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <p v-if="gender==1">性别:男</p>
    <p v-else>性别:女</p>
    <hr>
    <p v-if="score>=90">成绩评定A:奖励电脑一台</p>
    <p v-else-if="score>=75">成绩评定B:奖励周末郊游</p>
    <p v-else-if="score>=60">成绩评定C:奖励零食礼包</p>
    <p v-else>成绩评定D:奖励一周不能玩手机</p>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            gender:1,
            score:80
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

5.v-on

作用:注册事件=添加监听+提供处理逻辑

语法:1)v-on:事件名=“内联语句”

2)v-on:事件名=“methods中的函数名”

简写:@事件名=""

注意:methods函数内的this指向Vue实例

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!-- 鼠标点击 -->
    <button @click="count--">-</button>    <!-- @=v-on: -->
    <span>{
   
   {count}}</span>
    <button v-on:click="count++">+</button>
    <hr>
    <!-- 鼠标划入 -->
    <button v-on:mouseenter="count--">-</button>
    <span>{
   
   {count}}</span>
    <button v-on:mouseenter="count++">+</button>
    <hr>
    <button @click="fn">切换显示隐藏</button>
    <h1 v-show="isShow">黑马程序员</h1>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            count:0,
            isShow:true
        },
        methods:{
            //methods中的函数使用this都指向当前实例
            fn(){
                app.isShow=!app.isShow  //this.isShow=!this.isShow
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

v-on调用传参

实例:饮料自动贩卖机

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div style="border:2px solid #000;width:140px;height:auto;padding:20px;border-radius:15px;">
        <h3>饮料自动售货机</h3>
        <button @click="buy(5)">可乐5元</button>
        <button @click="buy(10)">咖啡10元</button>
    </div>
    <p>银行卡余额:{
   
   {money}}元</p>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            money:100
        },
        methods:{
            buy(a){
                this.money-=a
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

6.v-bind

作用:动态的设置html的标签属性->src url title......

语法:v-bind:属性名=“表达式”

简写::属性名=“表达式”

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <!-- v-bind:src可简写为:src -->
    <img v-bind:src="imgUrl" v-bind:title="msg">
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            imgUrl:'./image/logo.jpeg',
            msg:'hello Vue'
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

实例:图片轮播

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <button @click="i--" v-show="i>0">上一页</button>
    <img :src="imgList[i]" style="width:300px;">
    <button @click="i++" v-show="i<imgList.length-1">下一页</button>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            i:0,
            imgList:[
                './image/1.jpg',
                './image/2.jpg',
                './image/3.jpg',
            ]
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

7.v-for

作用:基于数据循环,多次渲染整个元素 ->数组、对象、数字...

语法:v-for=“(item,index) in 数组”  item是每一项,index是下标

如果不需要index,可简写为v-for=“item in 数组”

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h3>水果店</h3>
    <ul>
        <li v-for="(item,index) in list">{
   
   {item}}</li>
        <li v-for="item in list">{
   
   {item}}</li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            list:['西瓜','葡萄','桃子']
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

实例:书架

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h3>书架</h3>
    <ul>
        <li v-for="(item,index) in booksList">
            <span>{
   
   {item.name}}</span>
            <span>{
   
   {item.author}}</span>
            <button @click="del(item.id)">删除</button>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            booksList:[
                {id:1,name:'《红楼梦》',author:'曹雪芹'},
                {id:2,name:'《西游记》',author:'吴承恩'},
                {id:3,name:'《水浒传》',author:'施耐庵'},
                {id:4,name:'《三国演义》',author:'罗贯中'}
            ]
        },
        methods:{
            del(id){
                //filter:根据条件,保留满足条件的对应项,得到一个新数组
                //箭头函数filter(item=>item.id!==id)相当于filter(item){item.id!==id}
                this.booksList=this.booksList.filter(item=>item.id!=id)
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>
v-for中的key

语法::key=""

作用:给列表项添加的唯一标识。便于Vue进行列表项的正确排序复用。

如果不添加key,那么v-for的默认行为会尝试原地修改元素(就地复用)

注意点:

1)key的值只能是字符串或数字类型

2)key的值必须具有唯一性

3)推荐使用id作为key(唯一),不推荐使用index作为key(会变化,不对应)

<li v-for="(item,index) in xxx" :key="xxx.id"></li>

8.v-model

作用:给表单元素使用,双向数据绑定->可以快速获取或设置表单元素内容

1)数据变化->试图自动更新

2)视图变化->数据自动更新

语法:v-model='变量'

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="Author" content=""/>
  <meta name="Keywords" content=""/>
  <meta name="Description" content=""/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    账户:<input type="text" v-model="username"><br><br>
    密码:<input type="password" v-model="password"><br><br>
    <button @cilck="login">登录</button>
    <button @click="reset">重置</button>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
    const app=new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{
            username:'',
            password:''
        },
        methods:{
            login(){
                console.log(this.username)
            },
            reset(){
                this.username='',
                this.password=''
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_46479909/article/details/132759481
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