主要由三部分组成：mysql的安装、mysql主从的配置、主从复制的测试
一、linux（64）centos（6.7）环境下mysql的安装
1. 从官网下载 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
官网：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2.检查Linux下有没有安装过mysql，有卸载干净
#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
可见已经安装了库文件，先卸载，注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
#rpm -e mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --nodeps
3. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录
先确保所建的用户以及用户组没有存在，否则会报错,删除时候要先删除用户再删除用户组名。
# userdel mysql // 删除用户
# groupdel mysql // 删除用户组名
# mkdir /home/mysql //在home文件夹下创建文件夹mysql
# mkdir /home/mysql/data // 在mysql文件夹下创建文件夹data
# groupadd mysql //创建一个名为mysql的用户组
# useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql // 在用户组下创建用户
4、解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql
# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz # 解压文件
# cd mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 # 进入
# mv * /home/mysql # 移动到之前我创建的mysql文件夹下。
5、初始化mysql数据库
# cd /home/mysql # 进入安装目录
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2017-09-1201:46:53.155879Z 0
[ERROR] Aborting
出现上面的错误是因为我们没有清空mysql的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：
# cd /home/mysql/data # 进入安装目录下的data目录
# rm -fr * # 清空数据
# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0
[Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-09-12T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0
[Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0
[Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-09-12T01:48:00.440904Z 1
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %&*T,#x98sW
牢记上面的随机密码， 如上%&*T,#x98sW, 修改密码时需要用到。
6、检测下是否能启动mysql服务
mysql的tar.gz安装包的默认安装目录为/usr/local/mysql， 需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为环境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：
# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
...
basedir=/home/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql/data
...
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
start Starting MySQL.. OK!
7、创建软链接
# ln -s /home/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
8、创建配置文件
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /home/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
9、配置mysql服务开机自动启动
# cp /home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld // 拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld // 增加执行权限
# chkconfig --list mysqld // 检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，
# chkconfig --add mysqld // 如果没有就添加mysqld：
# chkconfig mysqld on // 用这个命令设置开机启动：
10、mysql服务的启动/重启/停止
# service mysqld start # 启动服务
# service mysqld restart # 重启服务
# service mysqld stop # 停止服务
11、初始化mysql用户root的密码
[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 刚才的随机密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); # PASSWORD()里面的123456 是设置的新密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
12.更改一些编码
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: latin1 ---需要修改成你想要的编码
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 27 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 1.592
--------------
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8; ----设置编码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 3 min 28 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 52 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 137 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 130 Queries per second avg: 0.250
--------------
mysql>
13. mysql远程授权
[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
如果不设置远程连接，用mysql数据库连接工具连接不上！！！
14.用数据库连接工具来测试安装是不是成功
首先要知道，远程连接的Linux系统的ip，确保本机已经能够ping通的情况下再连接。
二、mysql主从的配置
在准备作为主从的机器上分布按照如上步骤安装好mysql5.7.19
1、环境准备
两台Linux主机，操作系统都为CentOS6.7, 都安装了相同版本的MySQL.（MySQL5.7.19）。
主从服务器防火墙都关闭chkconfig iptables off。
相关信息如下：
【主服务器】
IP: 192.168.6.207
【从服务器】
IP: 192.168.6.208
2.首先修改配置/etc/my.cnf，使其支持二进制日志功能
【主服务器】
在配置文件中添加如下三行代码：
vim /etc/my.cnf
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id=207 //server-id中的100为该主机207的末位，方便区分。当然也可以设置其他值，但不要和从服务器相同。
user=mysql
port=3306
添加完成后保存，并重启MySQL.
【从服务器】
从服务器上也按上述操作添加代码，只是server-id不同而已。
vim /etc/my.cnf
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id=208
user=mysql
port=3306
slave-skip-errors=all
设置完成后保存，并重启MySQL.
3. 在主服务器上为从服务器分配一个账号，就像一把钥匙，从服务器拿着这把钥匙，才能到主服务器上来共享主服务器的日志文件。
【主服务器】
使用root用户登录主服务器的MySQL数据库，执行如下命令来创建一个账号。
GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
4.mysql>show master status;查看主服务器的BIN日志信息（执行完之后记录下File和Position的值，然后在配置完从服务器之前不要做任何操作，因为每次操作服务器的这两个值都会发生变化）
5、【从服务器】
使用root用户登录从服务器的MySQL.
关闭slave（如果之前设置过主从复制的话）
stop slave;
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST="192.168.6.207",MASTER_USER="slave",MASTER_PASSWORD="123456",MASTER_LOG_FILE="mysql-bin.000001",MASTER_LOG_POS=438;
6、启动从服务器
start slave;
查看从服务器状态,如果Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的值都为YES，说明配置成功
mysql> show slave status;
三、测试
1.首先查看主从服务器上有哪些数据库
【主服务器】
[html] view plain copy
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
【从服务器】
[html] view plain copy
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
2.在主服务器上新建一个数据库testdb
[html] view plain copy
create database testdb;
[html] view plain copy
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| testdb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.查看从服务器上是否也有了testdb这个数据库，如果有，说明主从复制正常。大功告成！
[html] view plain copy
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| testdb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
一、linux（64）centos（6.7）环境下mysql的安装
1. 从官网下载 mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
官网：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
2.检查Linux下有没有安装过mysql，有卸载干净
#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
可见已经安装了库文件，先卸载，注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：
#rpm -e mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --nodeps
3. 创建mysql的用户组/用户, data目录及其用户目录
先确保所建的用户以及用户组没有存在，否则会报错,删除时候要先删除用户再删除用户组名。
# userdel mysql // 删除用户
# groupdel mysql // 删除用户组名
# mkdir /home/mysql //在home文件夹下创建文件夹mysql
# mkdir /home/mysql/data // 在mysql文件夹下创建文件夹data
# groupadd mysql //创建一个名为mysql的用户组
# useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql // 在用户组下创建用户
4、解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql
# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz # 解压文件
# cd mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 # 进入
# mv * /home/mysql # 移动到之前我创建的mysql文件夹下。
5、初始化mysql数据库
# cd /home/mysql # 进入安装目录
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
[ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2017-09-1201:46:53.155879Z 0
[ERROR] Aborting
出现上面的错误是因为我们没有清空mysql的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：
# cd /home/mysql/data # 进入安装目录下的data目录
# rm -fr * # 清空数据
# cd /home/mysql
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
[Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0
[Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-09-12T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0
[Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0
[Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-09-12T01:48:00.440904Z 1
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %&*T,#x98sW
牢记上面的随机密码， 如上%&*T,#x98sW, 修改密码时需要用到。
6、检测下是否能启动mysql服务
mysql的tar.gz安装包的默认安装目录为/usr/local/mysql， 需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为环境所在的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：
# vim support-files/mysql.server
--------------------------
...
basedir=/home/mysql
datadir=/home/mysql/data
...
--------------------------
# ./support-files/mysql.server start
start Starting MySQL.. OK!
7、创建软链接
# ln -s /home/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
8、创建配置文件
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /home/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
9、配置mysql服务开机自动启动
# cp /home/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld // 拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld // 增加执行权限
# chkconfig --list mysqld // 检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，
# chkconfig --add mysqld // 如果没有就添加mysqld：
# chkconfig mysqld on // 用这个命令设置开机启动：
10、mysql服务的启动/重启/停止
# service mysqld start # 启动服务
# service mysqld restart # 重启服务
# service mysqld stop # 停止服务
11、初始化mysql用户root的密码
[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 刚才的随机密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); # PASSWORD()里面的123456 是设置的新密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 2 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
12.更改一些编码
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: latin1 ---需要修改成你想要的编码
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 27 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 1.592
--------------
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8; ----设置编码
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/soft/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/soft/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.13 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 3 min 28 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 52 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 137 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 130 Queries per second avg: 0.250
--------------
mysql>
13. mysql远程授权
[root@testfornss ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
如果不设置远程连接，用mysql数据库连接工具连接不上！！！
14.用数据库连接工具来测试安装是不是成功
首先要知道，远程连接的Linux系统的ip，确保本机已经能够ping通的情况下再连接。
二、mysql主从的配置
在准备作为主从的机器上分布按照如上步骤安装好mysql5.7.19
1、环境准备
两台Linux主机，操作系统都为CentOS6.7, 都安装了相同版本的MySQL.（MySQL5.7.19）。
主从服务器防火墙都关闭chkconfig iptables off。
相关信息如下：
【主服务器】
IP: 192.168.6.207
【从服务器】
IP: 192.168.6.208
2.首先修改配置/etc/my.cnf，使其支持二进制日志功能
【主服务器】
在配置文件中添加如下三行代码：
vim /etc/my.cnf
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id=207 //server-id中的100为该主机207的末位，方便区分。当然也可以设置其他值，但不要和从服务器相同。
user=mysql
port=3306
添加完成后保存，并重启MySQL.
【从服务器】
从服务器上也按上述操作添加代码，只是server-id不同而已。
vim /etc/my.cnf
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id=208
user=mysql
port=3306
slave-skip-errors=all
设置完成后保存，并重启MySQL.
3. 在主服务器上为从服务器分配一个账号，就像一把钥匙，从服务器拿着这把钥匙，才能到主服务器上来共享主服务器的日志文件。
【主服务器】
使用root用户登录主服务器的MySQL数据库，执行如下命令来创建一个账号。
GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
4.mysql>show master status;查看主服务器的BIN日志信息（执行完之后记录下File和Position的值，然后在配置完从服务器之前不要做任何操作，因为每次操作服务器的这两个值都会发生变化）
5、【从服务器】
使用root用户登录从服务器的MySQL.
关闭slave（如果之前设置过主从复制的话）
stop slave;
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST="192.168.6.207",MASTER_USER="slave",MASTER_PASSWORD="123456",MASTER_LOG_FILE="mysql-bin.000001",MASTER_LOG_POS=438;
6、启动从服务器
start slave;
查看从服务器状态,如果Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running的值都为YES，说明配置成功
mysql> show slave status;
三、测试
1.首先查看主从服务器上有哪些数据库
【主服务器】
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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
【从服务器】
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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
2.在主服务器上新建一个数据库testdb
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create database testdb;
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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| testdb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.查看从服务器上是否也有了testdb这个数据库，如果有，说明主从复制正常。大功告成！
[html] view plain copy
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| testdb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+