程序员必备的十种排序算法

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专栏:《前沿技术文献与图书推荐》


十大排序算法

以下是十种常见的排序算法及其C++代码实现:

冒泡排序(Bubble Sort)

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    
    
        for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
    
    
            if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
    
    
                swap(arr[j], arr[j + 1]);
            }
        }
    }
}

选择排序(Selection Sort)

void selectionSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    
    
        int minIndex = i;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
    
    
            if (arr[j] < arr[minIndex]) {
    
    
                minIndex = j;
            }
        }
        swap(arr[i], arr[minIndex]);
    }
}

插入排序(Insertion Sort)

void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        int key = arr[i];
        int j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) {
    
    
            arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
            j--;
        }
        arr[j + 1] = key;
    }
}

快速排序(Quick Sort)

int partition(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    
    
    int pivot = arr[high];
    int i = low - 1;
    for (int j = low; j <= high - 1; j++) {
    
    
        if (arr[j] < pivot) {
    
    
            i++;
            swap(arr[i], arr[j]);
        }
    }
    swap(arr[i + 1], arr[high]);
    return i + 1;
}

void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) {
    
    
    if (low < high) {
    
    
        int pi = partition(arr, low, high);
        quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1);
        quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high);
    }
}

归并排序(Merge Sort)

void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
    
    
    int n1 = m - l + 1;
    int n2 = r - m;
    int L[n1], R[n2];
    for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
    
    
        L[i] = arr[l + i];
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++) {
    
    
        R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];
    }
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = l;
    while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
    
    
        if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
    
    
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
        } else {
    
    
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
        }
        k++;
    }
    while (i < n1) {
    
    
        arr[k] = L[i];
        i++;
        k++;
    }
    while (j < n2) {
    
    
        arr[k] = R[j];
        j++;
        k++;
    }
}

void mergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) {
    
    
    if (l < r) {
    
    
        int m = l + (r - l) / 2;
        mergeSort(arr, l, m);
        mergeSort(arr, m + 1, r);
        merge(arr, l, m, r);
    }
}

堆排序(Heap Sort)

void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i) {
    
    
    int largest = i;
    int left = 2 * i + 1;
    int right = 2 * i + 2;
    if (left < n && arr[left] > arr[largest]) {
    
    
        largest = left;
    }
    if (right < n && arr[right] > arr[largest]) {
    
    
        largest = right;
    }
    if (largest != i) {
    
    
        swap(arr[i], arr[largest]);
        heapify(arr, n, largest);
    }
}

void heapSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    
    
        heapify(arr, n, i);
    }
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    
    
        swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
        heapify(arr, i, 0);
    }
}

计数排序(Counting Sort)

void countingSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    int maxVal = *max_element(arr, arr + n);
    int minVal = *min_element(arr, arr + n);
    int range = maxVal - minVal + 1;
    int count[range] = {
    
    0};
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        count[arr[i] - minVal]++;
    }
    int index = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < range; i++) {
    
    
        while (count[i] > 0) {
    
    
            arr[index++] = i + minVal;
            count[i]--;
        }
    }
}

桶排序(Bucket Sort)

void bucketSort(float arr[], int n) {
    
    
    float maxVal = *max_element(arr, arr + n);
    float minVal = *min_element(arr, arr + n);
    float range = maxVal - minVal;
    int bucketSize = range / n + 1;
    vector<vector<float>> buckets(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        float index = (arr[i] - minVal) / bucketSize;
        buckets[(int)index].push_back(arr[i]);
    }
    int index = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        sort(buckets[i].begin(), buckets[i].end());
        for (int j = 0; j < buckets[i].size(); j++) {
    
    
            arr[index++] = buckets[i][j];
        }
    }
}

基数排序(Radix Sort)

void countingSortForRadix(int arr[], int n, int exp) {
    
    
    int output[n];
    int count[10] = {
    
    0};
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]++;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
    
    
        count[i] += count[i - 1];
    }
    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    
    
        output[count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10] - 1] = arr[i];
        count[(arr[i] / exp) % 10]--;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    
    
        arr[i] = output[i];
    }
}

void radixSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    int maxVal = *max_element(arr, arr + n);
    for (int exp = 1; maxVal / exp > 0; exp *= 10) {
    
    
        countingSortForRadix(arr, n, exp);
    }
}

希尔排序(Shell Sort)

void shellSort(int arr[], int n) {
    
    
    for (int gap = n / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2) {
    
    
        for (int i = gap; i < n; i++) {
    
    
            int temp = arr[i];
            int j;
            for (j = i; j >= gap && arr[j - gap] > temp; j -= gap) {
    
    
                arr[j] = arr[j - gap];
            }
            arr[j] = temp;
        }
    }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_43471489/article/details/134976460
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