oracle手工创建数据库？稳健一文

一、描述

        新加了一块盘做手工创建数据库的数据文件目录 oradata；

        这台服务器上本来就有一个单机asm数据库，我内存不够先关闭了

二、手工创建oracle数据库

1、设置ORACLE_SID

[oracle@oomcserver ~]$ cp .bash_profile .bash_profile_omccdb
[oracle@oomcserver ~]$ vim .bash_profile
[oracle@oomcserver ~]$ cat .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_SID=mandb
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT

        环境变量配置文件先备份，主要是修改ORACLE_SID 修改为mandb 

2、设置ORACL_HOME等环境变量信息

        这里不改动，略

3、创建初始化参数文件pfile

[oracle@oomcserver dbs]$ vim initmandb.ora
[oracle@oomcserver dbs]$ cat initmandb.ora 
db_name='mandb'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/mandb/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/oradata/mandb/recovery'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/oradata/mandb/diag'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300 
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files = (/oradata/mandb/control01.ctl,/oradata/mandb/control02.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0'

        初始化参数文件定义的目录若不存在则需要手工进行创建

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/mandb/adump
mkdir -p /oradata/mandb/recovery
#防止adr报错
mkdir -p /oradata/mandb/diag

重要说明：若是Windows平台则在启动到NOMOUNT时需要先将实例注册成服务，命令如下

oradim -NEW -SID oracleSID -STARTMODE manual [oracleSID替换成您要注册的实例名称】

4、将数据库启动到NOMOUNT状态

startup nomount

5、跑创建数据库脚本创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE mandb
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/oradata/mandb/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M ,
GROUP 2 ('/oradata/mandb/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M ,
GROUP 3 ('/oradata/mandb/redo03a.log') SIZE 50M 
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 8192
Character set UTF8
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/oradata/mandb/system01.dbf'
SIZE 700M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 10G
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/oradata/mandb/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE 550M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 10G
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/oradata/mandb/users01.dbf'
SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 10G
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
TEMPFILE '/oradata/mandb/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 10G
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/oradata/mandb/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE 10G;

--创建完成后查看数据库状态
 select dbid,name,open_mode from v$database;

        查看数据库状态，是按照我们建的路径（数据文件），读写状态

6、创建动态参数文件

Create spfile from pfile;

7、创建其他表空间（略）

create tablespace users datafile '/oradata/mandb/mantest.dbf' size 100M;

8、创建数据字典

su - oracle
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin
sqlplus / as sysdba
@catalog.sql
@catproc.sql
@pupbld.sql

        执行过程略，很多等几分钟 

9、检查是否有无效组件或对象

select comp_id,version,status from dba_registry;

select owner,object_name,object_type from all_objects where status<>'VALID';

若有无效组件则跑utlrp.sql脚本

该脚本位于$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql,同上操作

10、启动数据库

--重新启动
shutdown immediate
startup

        ok，yeah  在把监听启动起来就行