java中的原子操作类AtomicInteger及其实现原理

        /**
         * 一,AtomicInteger 是如何实现原子操作的呢?
         *
         * 我们先来看一下getAndIncrement的源代码:
         *    public final int getAndIncrement() {
         *        for (;;) {
         *              int current = get();  // 取得AtomicInteger里存储的数值
         *            int next = current + 1;  // 加1
         *            if (compareAndSet(current, next))   // 调用compareAndSet执行原子更新操作
         *                return current;
         *        }
         *    }

     * 这段代码写的很巧妙:          * 1,compareAndSet方法首先判断当前值是否等于current;
         * 2,如果当前值 = current ,说明AtomicInteger的值没有被其他线程修改;
         * 3,如果当前值 != current,说明AtomicInteger的值被其他线程修改了,这时会再次进入循环重新比较;          *              * 注意这里的compareAndSet方法,源代码如下:
         * public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update) {
         *     return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
         * }
         *
         * 调用Unsafe来实现
         * private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
         *
         * 二,java提供的原子操作可以原子更新的基本类型有以下三个:
         *
         * 1,AtomicBoolean
         * 2,AtomicInteger
         * 3,AtomicLong
         *
         * 三,java提供的原子操作,还可以原子更新以下类型的值:
         *
         * 1,原子更新数组,Atomic包提供了以下几个类:AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray
         * 2,原子更新引用类型,也就是更新实体类的值,比如AtomicReference<User>
         * AtomicReference:原子更新引用类型的值
         * AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater:原子更新引用类型里的字段
         * AtomicMarkableReference:原子更新带有标记位的引用类型
         * 3,原子更新字段值
         * AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater:原子更新整形的字段的更新器
         * AtomicLongFieldUpdater:原子更新长整形的字段的更新器
         * AtomicStampedReference:原子更新带有版本号的引用类型的更新器

           */

 

示例代码如下:

    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
    import sun.misc.Unsafe;  
      
    public class TestAtomic {  
      
        /** 
         * @param java中的原子操作类AtomicInteger 
         * @author yangcq 
         *  
         * 关于AtomicInteger的说明(来自官方文档注解) 
         * /** 
         * An {@code int} value that may be updated atomically.  See the 
         * {@link java.util.concurrent.atomic} package specification for 
         * description of the properties of atomic variables. An 
         * {@code AtomicInteger} is used in applications such as atomically 
         * incremented counters, and cannot be used as a replacement for an 
         * {@link java.lang.Integer}. However, this class does extend 
         * {@code Number} to allow uniform access by tools and utilities that 
         * deal with numerically-based classes. 
         * 
         * @since 1.5 
         * @author Doug Lea 
         */  
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
            // 初始值为1  
            AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(1);  
            System.out.println("--初始值atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
              
            // 以原子方式将当前值加1,注意这里返回的是自增前的值   
            System.out.println("atomicInteger.getAndIncrement() = " + atomicInteger.getAndIncrement());  
            System.out.println("--自增后的 atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
              
            // 以原子方式将当前值减1,注意这里返回的是自减前的值   
            System.out.println("atomicInteger.getAndIncrement() = " + atomicInteger.decrementAndGet());  
            System.out.println("--自减后的 atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
              
            // 以原子方式将当前值与括号中的值相加,并返回结果  
            System.out.println("atomicInteger.getAndIncrement() = " + atomicInteger.addAndGet(10));  
            System.out.println("--自减后的 atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
              
            // 如果输入的值等于预期的值,则以原子方式将该值设置成括号中的值  
            System.out.println("atomicInteger.getAndIncrement() = " + atomicInteger.compareAndSet(1, 2));  
            System.out.println("--自减后的 atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
            System.out.println("atomicInteger.getAndIncrement() = " + atomicInteger.compareAndSet(11, 9999));  
            System.out.println("--自减后的 atomicInteger = " + atomicInteger);  
              
            /** 
             * 一,AtomicInteger 是如何实现原子操作的呢? 
             *  
             * 我们先来看一下getAndIncrement的源代码: 
             *    public final int getAndIncrement() { 
             *        for (;;) { 
             *            int current = get();  // 取得AtomicInteger里存储的数值 
             *            int next = current + 1;  // 加1 
             *            if (compareAndSet(current, next))   // 调用compareAndSet执行原子更新操作 
             *                return current; 
             *        } 
             *    } 
             *  
             * 这段代码写的很巧妙: 
             * 1,compareAndSet方法首先判断当前值是否等于current; 
             * 2,如果当前值 = current ,说明AtomicInteger的值没有被其他线程修改; 
             * 3,如果当前值 != current,说明AtomicInteger的值被其他线程修改了,这时会再次进入循环重新比较; 
             *     
             * 注意这里的compareAndSet方法,源代码如下: 
             * public final boolean compareAndSet(int expect, int update) { 
             *     return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, expect, update);  
             * } 
             *  
             * 调用Unsafe来实现 
             * private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe(); 
             *  
             * 二,java提供的原子操作可以原子更新的基本类型有以下三个: 
             *  
             * 1,AtomicBoolean 
             * 2,AtomicInteger 
             * 3,AtomicLong 
             *  
             * 三,java提供的原子操作,还可以原子更新以下类型的值: 
             *  
             * 1,原子更新数组,Atomic包提供了以下几个类:AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray 
             * 2,原子更新引用类型,也就是更新实体类的值,比如AtomicReference<User> 
             * AtomicReference:原子更新引用类型的值 
             * AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater:原子更新引用类型里的字段 
             * AtomicMarkableReference:原子更新带有标记位的引用类型 
             * 3,原子更新字段值 
             * AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater:原子更新整形的字段的更新器 
             * AtomicLongFieldUpdater:原子更新长整形的字段的更新器 
             * AtomicStampedReference:原子更新带有版本号的引用类型的更新器 
             *  
             *  
             */  
        }  
      
    }  

四,AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater:原子更新整形的字段的更新器

    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;  
      
    public class TestAtomicIntegerFieldUpdater {  
      
        /** 
         * @param AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater:原子更新整形的字段的更新器 
         * @author yangcq 
         */  
          
        // 创建原子更新器,并设置需要更新的对象类和对象的属性  
        private static AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<User> atomicIntegerFieldUpdater   
            = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(User.class, "age");  
          
        public static void main(String[] args) {  
              
            // 设置age的初始值为1000  
            User user = new User();  
            user.setUserName("yangcq");  
            user.setAge(1000);  
              
            // 原子更新引用数据类型的字段值  
            System.out.println(atomicIntegerFieldUpdater.getAndIncrement(user));  
            // 更新以后的值  
            System.out.println(atomicIntegerFieldUpdater.get(user));  
        }  
          
        //实体类User  
        public static class User{  
            private String userName;  
            public volatile int age;  
      
            // setter、getter方法  
            public String getUserName() {  
                return userName;  
            }  
            public void setUserName(String userName) {  
                this.userName = userName;  
            }  
            public int getAge() {  
                return age;  
            }  
            public void setAge(int age) {  
                this.age = age;  
            }  
        }  
      
    }  

五,java原子操作类在实际项目中的应用(java原子操作类的应用场景)

java原子操作类 AtomicInteger 在实际项目中的应用。HttpClientFacotryBean工厂会工作在多线程环境中,生成Httpclient,
就相当于建立HttpClient连接,通过工厂模式控制HttpClient连接,能够更好的管理HttpClient的生命周期。而我们使用java原子
操作类AtomicInteger来控制计数器,就是为了保证,在多线程的环境下,建立HttpClient连接不会出错,不会出现2个线程竞争一个
HttpClient连接的情况。

    bean配置如下:  
        <bean id="Httpclient" name="httpclient" class="com.yangcq.initBean.HttpClientFacotryBean">  
            <property name="connectionManager" ref="connectionManagers" ></property>  
            <property name="map">  
                <map>  
                    <entry key="http.socket.timeout" value="30000" />  
                    <entry key="http.connection.timeout" value="30000" />  
                    <entry key="http.conn-manager.timeout"  value="6000" />  
                </map>  
            </property>  
        </bean>  
    java实现类:  
    import java.io.IOException;  
    import java.util.Map;  
    import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
    import org.apache.http.HttpException;  
    import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;  
    import org.apache.http.HttpRequestInterceptor;  
    import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
    import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;  
    import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerPNames;  
    import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnManagerParamBean;  
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  
    import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;  
    import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;  
    import org.apache.http.params.HttpConnectionParamBean;  
    import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;  
    import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;  
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException;  
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;  
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;  
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;  
    /** 
     * 在容器启动时注入connectionManager,然后初始化httpClient 
     * 主要参数: 
     * CONNECTION_TIMEOUT : 连接主机超时时间设置 
     * SO_TIMEOUT :         读取主机数据超时时间设置 
     * TIMEOUT :            获取连接超时时间 
     */  
    public class HttpClientFacotryBean implements FactoryBean,InitializingBean,DisposableBean {  
        private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HttpClientFacotryBean.class);  
        private DefaultHttpClient httpClient;  
        private ClientConnectionManager clientConnectionManager = null;  
        private Map map = null;   
        //设置httpClient超时参数  
        public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {  
            if (null == clientConnectionManager) {  
                throw new BeanInitializationException("The connection manager must be set in " + this.getClass().getName() + "...");  
            }  
            HttpParams httpParams = new BasicHttpParams();  
            if (null != map) {  
                HttpConnectionParamBean httpConnectionParamBean = new HttpConnectionParamBean(httpParams);  
                String connectionTimeout = (String) map.get(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);  
                if (null != connectionTimeout)  
                    httpConnectionParamBean.setConnectionTimeout(Integer.parseInt(connectionTimeout));  
                String soTimeout = (String) map.get(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT);  
                if (null != connectionTimeout)  
                    httpConnectionParamBean.setSoTimeout(Integer.parseInt(soTimeout));  
                ConnManagerParamBean connManagerParamBean = new ConnManagerParamBean(httpParams);  
                String timeout = (String) map.get(ConnManagerPNames.TIMEOUT);  
                if (null != timeout)  
                    connManagerParamBean.setTimeout(Long.parseLong(timeout));  
            }  
            this.httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(clientConnectionManager, httpParams);  
            this.httpClient.addRequestInterceptor(new HttpRequestInterceptor() {  
                public void process(final HttpRequest request,final HttpContext context) throws HttpException,IOException {  
                    AtomicInteger count = (AtomicInteger) context.getAttribute("count"); // 从HttpContext中获取计数器count  
                    if (null == count) {  
                        count = new AtomicInteger(1); // 如果计数器为空,则初始化值为1  
                        context.setAttribute("count", count); // 放到context中  
                    }  
                    request.addHeader("Count", Integer.toString(count.getAndIncrement())); // 把计数器放到request请求中  
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
                        logger.debug("\n=====这是第 " + count + " 次连接=====\n");  
                    }  
                }  
            });  
        }  
        public void destroy() throws Exception {  
            if (null != params)  
                map.clear();  
            if (null != clientConnectionManager)  
                clientConnectionManager.closeExpiredConnections();  
        }  
        public ClientConnectionManager getConnectionManager() {  
            return clientConnectionManager;  
        }  
        public Map getParams() {  
            return map;  
        }  
        public void setConnectionManager(ClientConnectionManager clientConnectionManager) {  
            this.clientConnectionManager = clientConnectionManager;  
        }  
        public void setParams(Map map) {  
            this.map = map;  
        }  
        public Object getObject() throws Exception {  
            return this.httpClient;  
        }     
        public Class getObjectType() {  
            return HttpClient.class;  
        }  
        public boolean isSingleton() {  
            return false;  
        }  
    }  

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/xwb583312435/p/9007659.html