java 实现http请求的三种方式

目前JAVA实现HTTP请求的方法用的最多的有两种:一种是通过HTTPClient这种第三方的开源框架去实现。HTTPClient对HTTP的封装性比较不错,通过它基本上能够满足我们大部分的需求,HttpClient3.1 是 org.apache.commons.httpclient下操作远程 url的工具包,虽然已不再更新,但实现工作中使用httpClient3.1的代码还是很多,HttpClient4.5是org.apache.http.client下操作远程 url的工具包,最新的;另一种则是通过HttpURLConnection去实现,HttpURLConnection是JAVA的标准类,是JAVA比较原生的一种实现方式。

  自己在工作中三种方式都用到过,总结一下分享给大家,也方便自己以后使用,话不多说上代码。

  第一种方式:java原生HttpURLConnection

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpClient {
public static String doGet(String httpurl) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = null;// 返回结果字符串
try {
// 创建远程url连接对象
URL url = new URL(httpurl);
// 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接,强转成httpURLConnection类
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置连接方式:get
connection.setRequestMethod(“GET”);
// 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间:15000毫秒
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
// 设置读取远程返回的数据时间:60000毫秒
connection.setReadTimeout(60000);
// 发送请求
connection.connect();
// 通过connection连接,获取输入流
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
is = connection.getInputStream();
// 封装输入流is,并指定字符集
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, “UTF-8”));
// 存放数据
StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
String temp = null;
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
sbf.append(temp);
sbf.append(“\r\n”);
}
result = sbf.toString();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

        if (null != is) {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接
    }

    return result;
}

public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) {

    HttpURLConnection connection = null;
    InputStream is = null;
    OutputStream os = null;
    BufferedReader br = null;
    String result = null;
    try {
        URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
        // 通过远程url连接对象打开连接
        connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        // 设置连接请求方式
        connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
        // 设置连接主机服务器超时时间:15000毫秒
        connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        // 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间:60000毫秒
        connection.setReadTimeout(60000);

        // 默认值为:false,当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时,需要设置为true
        connection.setDoOutput(true);
        // 默认值为:true,当前向远程服务读取数据时,设置为true,该参数可有可无
        connection.setDoInput(true);
        // 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
        connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        // 设置鉴权信息:Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0
        connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");
        // 通过连接对象获取一个输出流
        os = connection.getOutputStream();
        // 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的
        os.write(param.getBytes());
        // 通过连接对象获取一个输入流,向远程读取
        if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {

            is = connection.getInputStream();
            // 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

            StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
            String temp = null;
            // 循环遍历一行一行读取数据
            while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sbf.append(temp);
                sbf.append("\r\n");
            }
            result = sbf.toString();
        }
    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (null != br) {
            try {
                br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != os) {
            try {
                os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != is) {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 断开与远程地址url的连接
        connection.disconnect();
    }
    return result;
}

}

  第二种方式:apache HttpClient3.1

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

public class HttpClient3 {

public static String doGet(String url) {
    // 输入流
    InputStream is = null;
    BufferedReader br = null;
    String result = null;
    // 创建httpClient实例
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    // 设置http连接主机服务超时时间:15000毫秒
    // 先获取连接管理器对象,再获取参数对象,再进行参数的赋值
    httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
    // 创建一个Get方法实例对象
    GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
    // 设置get请求超时为60000毫秒
    getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);
    // 设置请求重试机制,默认重试次数:3次,参数设置为true,重试机制可用,false相反
    getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler(3, true));
    try {
        // 执行Get方法
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
        // 判断返回码
        if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            // 如果状态码返回的不是ok,说明失败了,打印错误信息
            System.err.println("Method faild: " + getMethod.getStatusLine());
        } else {
            // 通过getMethod实例,获取远程的一个输入流
            is = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
            // 包装输入流
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

            StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
            // 读取封装的输入流
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
                sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n");
            }

            result = sbf.toString();
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (null != br) {
            try {
                br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != is) {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 释放连接
        getMethod.releaseConnection();
    }
    return result;
}

public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap) {
    // 获取输入流
    InputStream is = null;
    BufferedReader br = null;
    String result = null;
    // 创建httpClient实例对象
    HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
    // 设置httpClient连接主机服务器超时时间:15000毫秒
    httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
    // 创建post请求方法实例对象
    PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
    // 设置post请求超时时间
    postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);

    NameValuePair[] nvp = null;
    // 判断参数map集合paramMap是否为空
    if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {// 不为空
        // 创建键值参数对象数组,大小为参数的个数
        nvp = new NameValuePair[paramMap.size()];
        // 循环遍历参数集合map
        Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
        // 获取迭代器
        Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();

        int index = 0;
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Entry<String, Object> mapEntry = iterator.next();
            // 从mapEntry中获取key和value创建键值对象存放到数组中
            try {
                nvp[index] = new NameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(),
                        new String(mapEntry.getValue().toString().getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            index++;
        }
    }
    // 判断nvp数组是否为空
    if (null != nvp && nvp.length > 0) {
        // 将参数存放到requestBody对象中
        postMethod.setRequestBody(nvp);
    }
    // 执行POST方法
    try {
        int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
        // 判断是否成功
        if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            System.err.println("Method faild: " + postMethod.getStatusLine());
        }
        // 获取远程返回的数据
        is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
        // 封装输入流
        br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));

        StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
        String temp = null;
        while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
            sbf.append(temp).append("\r\n");
        }

        result = sbf.toString();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (null != br) {
            try {
                br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != is) {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 释放连接
        postMethod.releaseConnection();
    }
    return result;
}

}

  第三种方式:apache httpClient4.5

package com.powerX.httpClient;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClient4 {

public static String doGet(String url) {
    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
    CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
    String result = "";
    try {
        // 通过址默认配置创建一个httpClient实例
        httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建httpGet远程连接实例
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        // 设置请求头信息,鉴权
        httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");
        // 设置配置请求参数
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 连接主机服务超时时间
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 请求超时时间
                .setSocketTimeout(60000)// 数据读取超时时间
                .build();
        // 为httpGet实例设置配置
        httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
        // 执行get请求得到返回对象
        response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        // 通过返回对象获取返回数据
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        // 通过EntityUtils中的toString方法将结果转换为字符串
        result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (null != response) {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != httpClient) {
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> paramMap) {
    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
    CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
    String result = "";
    // 创建httpClient实例
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    // 创建httpPost远程连接实例
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    // 配置请求参数实例
    RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 设置连接主机服务超时时间
            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 设置连接请求超时时间
            .setSocketTimeout(60000)// 设置读取数据连接超时时间
            .build();
    // 为httpPost实例设置配置
    httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
    // 设置请求头
    httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    // 封装post请求参数
    if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {
        List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        // 通过map集成entrySet方法获取entity
        Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
        // 循环遍历,获取迭代器
        Iterator<Entry<String, Object>> iterator = entrySet.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Entry<String, Object> mapEntry = iterator.next();
            nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(), mapEntry.getValue().toString()));
        }

        // 为httpPost设置封装好的请求参数
        try {
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    try {
        // httpClient对象执行post请求,并返回响应参数对象
        httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        // 从响应对象中获取响应内容
        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
        result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        // 关闭资源
        if (null != httpResponse) {
            try {
                httpResponse.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (null != httpClient) {
            try {
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}

}

  有时候我们在使用post请求时,可能传入的参数是json或者其他格式,此时我们则需要更改请求头及参数的设置信息,以httpClient4.5为例,更改下面两列配置:httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(“你的json串”)); httpPost.addHeader(“Content-Type”, “application/json”)。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/hp_yangpeng/article/details/80224989