oralcle数据库常用SQL语句

表空间

SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;

1.查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs;

2.查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;

SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;

3.查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;

用户

1.查看当前用户的缺省表空间

SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;

2.查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs;

3.查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;

SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;

4.显示当前会话所具有的权限

SQL>select * from session_privs;

5.显示指定用户所具有的系统权限

SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME';

表

1.查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;

SELECT * FROM ALL_TABLES;

2.查看名称包含log字符的表

SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects

where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;

3.查看某表的创建时间

SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');

4.查看某表的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表

SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;

索引

1.查看索引个数和类别

SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;

2.查看索引被索引的字段

SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');

3.查看索引的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&index_name');

序列号

1.查看序列号，last_number是当前值

SQL>select * from user_sequences;

视图

1.查看视图的名称

SQL>select view_name from user_views;

2.查看创建视图的select语句

SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;

SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小

SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');

同义词

1.查看同义词的名称

SQL>select * from user_synonyms;

    SELECT * FROM ALL_SYSNONYMS;

约束条件

1.查看某表的约束条件

SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name

from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name

from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc

where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')

and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name

order by cc.position;

存储函数和过程

1.查看函数和过程的状态

SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';

SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';

2.查看函数和过程的源代码

SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');

-- 查询本用户的表的列名和注释
select * from user_col_comments
-- 查询本用户的视图
select * from user_tab_comments where table_type='VIEW'
-----查询用户所有的存储过程
select * from dba_source where OWNER='ZLZ' AND TYPE='PROCEDURE' ;
-----查询用户所有的包
select * from dba_source where OWNER='ZLZ' AND TYPE='PACKAGE' ;
-----查询用户所有的函数
select * from dba_source where OWNER='ZLZ' AND TYPE='FUNCTION' ;
---物化视图日志
SELECT * FROM user_MVIEW_LOGS
---物化视图
select *from USER_dependencies where type = 'MATERIALIZED VIEW'

SELECT GRANTEE, OWNER,TABLE_NAME,GRANTOR FROM USER_TAB_PRIVS ---查询表存储过程的赋权

SELECT DISTINCT GRANTEE, OWNER, TABLE_NAME, GRANTOR FROM USER_COL_PRIVS ----查询表字段授权

----oracle查看表分区----
select table_owner, table_name, partition_name, tablespace_name
from dba_tab_partitions
where table_name in ('ZLZ_TEST_FAMILY_PART_RANGE',
'ZLZ_TEST_FAMILY_PART_HASH',
'ZLZ_TEST_FAMILY_PART_LIST');

如何杀掉imp/emp进程
a.执行命令：ps -ef | grep exp | grep -v grep | awk '{print "kill -9 "$2}' >test.sh
b.执行命令ll ,test.sh 大小不为0 时，执行 /bin/sh test.sh
c.等于0就没有要杀的

查询数据源的数据泵路径：select * from dba_directories;

修改表中字段：select t.*,t.rowid from zlz_test t;
删除表：drop table 表名称
清除表数据：truncate table 表名称
删除某一列的值：delete from 表名称 where 列名称 = 值

--加表字段
alter table zlz_test add homenum varchar2(12);

---增加zlz_test_2_1表的三个时间字段
update zlz_test_2_1 set date_id=sysdate-dbms_random.value
update zlz_test_2_1 set timestamp_id=sysdate-dbms_random.value
update zlz_test_2_1 set time_id=sysdate-dbms_random.value

oracle增加主键：alter table ZLZ_TDM_35 add constraint pk_card1 primary key(st_id)
oracle增加外键：alter table zlz_test_family_35 add constraint fk_family1 foreign key(st_id) references ZLZ_TDM_35 (st_id);
显示数据库所有分区表的信息：select * from DBA_PART_TABLES

drop user zlz_test cascade;   ---删除schema
create user zlztest identified by zlztest;    ----创建schema
grant dba to zlztest;    ----给schema赋dba权限
revoke dba from zlztest; -----去掉schema的dba权限

查看当前用户的索引和约束
select index_name, table_name,status,logging from user_indexes;
select owner, constraint_name, constraint_type,table_name,status from user_constraints;
status = valid 是启用
status为ENABLED 是启用

oracle查看用户角色： select * from user_role_privs;
oracle查看用户权限： select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='ZLZ';

--创建索引
create index 索引名 on 表名 (字段1, 字段2, 字段3);
--禁用索引
ALTER INDEX <indexName> UNUSABLE ;
--恢复索引
ALTER INDEX <indexName> REBUILD ;
--删除索引
drop index 索引名

----查看表大小-----
Select Segment_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 GB From dba_Extents where owner='CXC_SOURCE' and Segment_Name='NORMALTABLE_5G_1' Group By Segment_Name;

---查询当前用户下全部的表及表大小m-----
select SEGMENT_NAME ,sum( bytes/1024/1024/1024) from DBA_segments where owner='CXC_SOURCE' AND segment_type = 'TABLE' GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME ORDER BY 2 DESC ;

-----查每个对象
select owner , name "对象名", type "对象类型", referenced_name "关联表" from USER_DEPENDENCIES where referenced_name = 'INT_TBL_EVENT' and referenced_type = 'TABLE'

----统计个对象
select count(object_name) num, object_type from USER_objects group by object_type order by num desc

----查ddl语句
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','SZX_C_O_01','SUNZHAOXIONG') from dual

-----统计索引
select count(index_name) num, table_name from user_indexes group by table_name order by num asc,table_name
select count(index_name) from user_indexes
select COUNT from user_objects where object_type = 'INDEX'
--分区所以
select * from user_objects where object_type = 'INDEX PARTITION'
--每个索引有多少条分区索引
select count(subobject_name) num, object_name from USER_objects where object_type = 'INDEX PARTITION' group by object_name order by num ,object_name

select * from user_indexes where index_name = 'INT_TBL_PTRANACCT'
select * from user_indexes where table_name = 'INT_TBL_EVENT'

------查询关联关系
select *from USER_dependencies where referenced_type = 'TABLE'

------使用这条语句查哪台主机使用FY连数据库-------
select sid,serial#,machine,osuser from v$session where username='FY'

----oracle查看类型种类和总个数-----
select object_type ,COUNT(*) from dba_objects where owner='TEST1' GROUP BY object_type
ORDER BY 2;

----oracle查看类型种类详情----
select object_name,object_type from dba_objects where owner='TEST1' ORDER BY 2,1

---oracle删除用户---
user test;
若用户拥有对象，则不能直接删除，否则将返回一个错误值。指定关键字cascade,可删除用户所有的对象，然后再删除用户。
drop user 用户名 cascade;

拥有connect role 的用户还能够创建表、视图、序列（sequence）、簇（cluster）、同义词(synonym)、回话（session）和其他数据的链（link）

2》. resource role(资源角色)

更可靠和正式的数据库用户可以授予resource role。

resource提供给用户另外的权限以创建他们自己的表、序列、过程(procedure)、触发器(trigger)、索引(index)和簇(cluster)。

3》. dba role(数据库管理员角色)

dba role拥有所有的系统权限
包括无限制的空间限额和给其他用户授予各种权限的能力。system由dba用户拥有

（2）授权命令

语法： grant connect, resource to 用户名;

例子： grant connect, resource to test;

   （3）撤销权限

      语法： revoke connect, resource from 用户名;

      列子： revoke connect, resource from test;


----oracle创建/授权/删除角色----

除了前面讲到的三种系统角色

connect、resource和dba，用户还可以在oracle创建自己的role。用户创建的role可以由表或系统权限或两者的组合构成。为了创建role，用户必须具有create role系统权限。

1》创建角色

语法： create role 角色名;

例子： create role testRole;

2》授权角色

语法： grant select on class to 角色名;

列子： grant select on class to testRole;

注：现在，拥有testRole角色的所有用户都具有对class表的select查询权限

3》删除角色

语法： drop role 角色名;

例子： drop role testRole;

注：与testRole角色相关的权限将从数据库全部删除

---- --数据库允许的最大连接数---
select value from v$parameter where name ='processes';

---- --当前的数据库连接数-----
select count(*) from v$process ;

------修改最大连接数:------
alter system set processes = 300 scope = spfile;
注意：要关闭数据库重启才能生效
shutdown immediate; --关闭数据库
startup; --重启数据库

-------查看当前有哪些用户正在使用数据----
select osuser, a.username, cpu_time/executions/1000000||'s', b.sql_text, machine
from v$session a, v$sqlarea b
where a.sql_address =b.address
order by cpu_time/executions desc;

----当前的session连接数---
select count(*) from v$session

----并发连接数---
select count(*) from v$session where status='ACTIVE';　

---【【【在表空间新增数据文件和修改表空间数据文件的大小 / 扩表空间 / 表空间扩展】】】----

现在服务器上查剩余磁盘（看数据文件挂载[mount]的那个磁盘）
df -h

查看当前用户所属的表空间
select * from dba_users where username='CXC_SOURCE';

指定表空间找到数据文件的file_name
SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/(1024*1024) M FROM dba_data_files where tablespace_name='SHSNC';

修改表空间数据文件的大小
ALTER database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1/dbs/users01.dbf' RESIZE 32M;

在表空间新增加数据文件（单个数据文件最大限制32G）--注意：每个文件大小最大30G-----
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc35.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc36.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc37.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc38.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc39.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc40.dbf' SIZE 30G;
ALTER TABLESPACE SHSNC ADD DATAFILE '/home/app/oradata/orcl/shsnc41.dbf' SIZE 30G;

重新查询
SELECT file_name, tablespace_name, bytes/(1024*1024) M FROM dba_data_files where tablespace_name='USERS';

--添加表字段数据的两种方法
select * from zlz_test for update
select rowid,t.* from zlz_test t

--验证表中字段正则表达式是否正确
select 'A',a.* from zlz_test1 a union all
select 'B',b.* from zlz_test1 b where regexp_like(address,'^(.*省)+.+市.+(区|县)');

-------查表所属分区-----
select * from all_all_tables where table_name='zlz_fenqu_1'

----新增一个表，将表中ID字段修改为自增长
create table ZLZ_TEST_CHINESE
(
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(28)
)

create sequence st_id
increment by 1
start with 1
maxvalue 999999 ---建立一个最小为1,最大为999999的一个序列号会自动循环的序列
cycle;

--查看当前数据源的表空间容量信息

select dbf.tablespace_name,
dbf.totalspace "总量(M)",
dbf.totalblocks as "总块数",
dfs.freespace "剩余总量(M)",
dfs.freeblocks "剩余块数",
(dfs.freespace / dbf.totalspace) * 100 "空闲比例"
from (select t.tablespace_name,
sum(t.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 totalspace,
sum(t.blocks) totalblocks
from dba_data_files t
group by t.tablespace_name) dbf,
(select tt.tablespace_name,
sum(tt.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 freespace,
sum(tt.blocks) freeblocks
from dba_free_space tt
group by tt.tablespace_name) dfs
where trim(dbf.tablespace_name) = trim(dfs.tablespace_name);

--查看表空间使用百分比
select total.tablespace_name,
　　round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,
　　round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,
　　round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pct
　　from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
　　from dba_free_space
　　group by tablespace_name) free,
　　(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB
　　from dba_data_files
　　group by tablespace_name) total
　　where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name and free.tablespace_name='ZLZTBS';

--建立删表语句（含表结构）
select 'drop table '||segment_name||' purge;' MB
from dba_segments
where tablespace_name = 'ZLZTBS' and segment_name not like '%$$'
group by segment_name;

--查看某个表是否正在执行与杀进程
select t.P1,
       t.P2,
       t.P3,
       t.event,
       t.sid,
       BLOCKING_SESSION,
       t.SQL_EXEC_START,
       (sysdate - t.SQL_EXEC_START) * 24,
       t.PROGRAM,
       T.INST_ID,
       t.SQL_ID,
       T.pdml_status,
       T.pddl_status,
       T.SID,
       t.PROGRAM,
       t.SERVICE_NAME,
       t.USERNAME,
       t.MACHINE,
       t.PROCESS,
       T.SERIAL#,
       ''';',
       to_char(substr(a.SQL_FULLTEXT, 1, 3000)),
       a.SQL_FULLTEXT,
       'alter system kill session ''' || t.sid || ',' || t.SERIAL# || ',@' ||
       t.inst_id || ''';',
       t.USERNAME,
       t.STATUS
from Gv$sql a, gv$session t
where t.sql_id = a.SQL_ID
   and a.sql_id in
       (select a.SQL_ID
          from gv$session a, gv$sqlarea b
         where a.SQL_ID = b.SQL_ID
           and a.INST_ID = b.INST_ID
           and b.SQL_TEXT like '%SIM_TB_ACCESS_LOG_BAK%')
   and t.INST_ID = a.INST_ID
   and a.SQL_FULLTEXT not like '%gv$session%'
   and upper(a.SQL_FULLTEXT) like '%SIM_TB_ACCESS_LOG_BAK%';

oralcle数据库常用SQL语句

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