史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服务消费者(rest+ribbon)

在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

一、ribbon简介 Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.

—–摘自官网

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean:

IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl

IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule

IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing

ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList

ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter

ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

二、准备工作 这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示:

三、建一个服务消费者 重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon; 在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>spring-milestones</id>
        <name>Spring Milestones</name>
        <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>false</enabled>
        </snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

</project>

在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下:

eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ server: port: 8764 spring: application: name: service-ribbon

在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}

@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
}

}

写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下:

@Service public class HelloService {

@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;

public String hiService(String name) {
    return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}

}

写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下:

/**

  • Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6. */ @RestController public class HelloControler {

    @Autowired HelloService helloService; @RequestMapping(value = "/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam String name){ return helloService.hiService(name); }

}

在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762

hi forezp,i am from port:8763

这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=“+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

四、此时的架构 输入图片说明

一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761 service-hi工程跑了两个实例,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册 sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口; 源码下载:https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2

五、参考资料 本文参考了以下:

spring-cloud-ribbon

springcloud ribbon with eureka

服务消费者

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转载自my.oschina.net/u/3053883/blog/1795438
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