ISP故障切换用默认路由使用IP SLA跟踪

简介

本文描述如何配置广域网(或ISP)冗余,多个广域网链接在同样末端路由器终止。 本文也解释对configure network地址转换(NAT),当有Internet连接的多个ISP's,并且时您如何想要无缝的故障切换即,当主ISP沿着走第二然后接管与与使用的正确NAT第二ISP的公共IP地址时。

先决条件

要求

本文档没有任何特定的要求。 在设备和平台必须支持创建IP基本的了解SLA和静态IP SLA Routing.Configuration。

使用的组件

本文档不限于特定的软件和硬件版本。它适用于运行Cisco IOS的所有Cisco路由器,并且IP SLA和跟踪可以配置的地方。

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果网络实际,请确保您了解所有命令潜在影响。

配置

网络图

配置

ISP1和ISP2直接地连接到互联网。对于测试目的,请作为对互联网的一参考请使用IP地址10.10.10.10。

用户边缘路由器配置

接口配置

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 description PRIMARY LINK TO ISP 1
 ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.252
 ip nat outside
 negotiation auto

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 description BACKUP LINK TO ISP 2
 ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.252
 ip nat outside
 negotiation auto

 跟踪、IP SLA和默认路由配置。

  

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track 8 ip sla 1 reachability

ip sla 1
 icmp-echo 10.0.12.2 source-ip 10.0.12.1
ip sla schedule 1 life forever start-time now

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2 track 8
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.13.2 10

 当跟踪8是UP时,对互联网的流量流经ISP1。

CustomerEdge#sh ip route static
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.12.2

 当跟踪8是DOWN时,对互联网的流量流经ISP2。

CustomerEdge#sh ip route static
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
       a - application route
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR

Gateway of last resort is 10.0.13.2 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 [10/0] via 10.0.13.2

Cisco 建议

Note:当您配置IP SLA时,思科推荐这些默认值: 
           1. Threshold(millisecs) :5000 
           2. Timeout(millisecs) :5000 
           3. Frequency(secs) :60

NAT故障切换的另外的配置: 

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 description TOWARDS CUSTOMER LAN
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
 negotiation auto
!
ip access-list extended 101
 permit ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any
!
!
route-map NAT_ISP2 permit 10
 match ip address 101
 match interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
!
route-map NAT_ISP1 permit 10
 match ip address 101
 match interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
!

 路由映射创建匹配访问列表定义的IP地址101并且匹配`退出接口。

ip nat inside source route-map NAT_ISP1 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 overload
ip nat inside source route-map NAT_ISP2 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 overload

这些enable命令端口地址转换(PAT),翻译的IP地址由路由映射定义。将翻译的IP地址到在接口关键字以后定义。

验证

使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。

跟踪状态可以验证与使用show track命令

CustomerEdge#show track
Track 8
  IP SLA 1 reachability
  Reachability is Up
    7 changes, last change 00:00:17
  Latest operation return code: OK
  Latest RTT (millisecs) 1
  Tracked by:
    Static IP Routing 0

当主ISP链路是UP时,流量流经它。

CustomerEdge#traceroute 10.10.10.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.10.10.10
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 10.0.12.2 1 msec *  0 msec

当主ISP链路下降时,辅助链路故障切换。

CustomerEdge#traceroute 10.10.10.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.10.10.10
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
  1 10.0.13.2 1 msec *  1 msec

一旦对主ISP链路的链路恢复,流量自动地开始流经它。

同样NAT故障切换:

CustomerLAN#ping 10.10.10.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
CustomerLAN#sh ip route 10.10.10.10
Routing entry for 10.10.10.10/32
  Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 192.168.1.1
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

当主ISP链路是UP时, NAT转换通过主ISP链路发生。

CustomerEdge#sh ip nat translations
Pro  Inside global         Inside local          Outside local         Outside global                                                                                                                     
icmp 10.0.12.1:1           192.168.1.2:12        10.10.10.10:12        10.10.10.10:1                                                                                                                     
Total number of translations: 1

当主ISP链路下降时, NAT转换通过第二ISP链路发生。

CustomerEdge#sh ip nat translations
Pro  Inside global         Inside local          Outside local         Outside global
icmp 10.0.13.1:1           192.168.1.2:13        10.10.10.10:13        10.10.10.10:1
Total number of translations: 1

当主ISP链路恢复时, NAT转换通过主ISP链路发生

故障排除

本部分提供了可用于对配置进行故障排除的信息。

必须主要从静态路由、IP SLA和跟踪配置方面执行故障排除。

主要,当您分析主链路的失败的,原因在这样方案,请排除故障开始。



---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ip sla 2
icmp-echo 11.32.0.6 source-ip 11.32.0.5
timeout 4000
frequency 2
ip sla schedule 2 life forever start-time now


track 2 ip sla 2 reachability


ip route 11.32.0.40 255.255.255.248 11.32.0.6 track 2


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转载自blog.csdn.net/i_____miss__you/article/details/80217127
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